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      Small Carnivore Hunting in the Early Neolithic: A View from EPPNB Aḥihud (Western Galilee, Israel)

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          Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering

          Bones of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya, exhibit distinctive weathering characteristics that can be related to the time since death and to the local conditions of temperature, humidity and soil chemistry. A categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of weathering rates and processes. The time necessary to achieve each successive weathering stage has been calibrated using known-age carcasses. Most bones decompose beyond recognition in 10 to 15 yr. Bones of animals under 100 kg and juveniles appear to weather more rapidly than bones of large animals or adults. Small-scale rather than widespread environmental factors seem to have greatest influence on weathering characteristics and rates. Bone weathering is potentially valuable as evidence for the period of time represented in recent or fossil bone assemblages, including those on archeological sites, and may also be an important tool in censusing populations of animals in modern ecosystems.
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            Vertebrate Taphonomy

            R. Lyman (1994)
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              Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact.

              The past decade has witnessed a quantum leap in our understanding of the origins, diffusion, and impact of early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin. In large measure these advances are attributable to new methods for documenting domestication in plants and animals. The initial steps toward plant and animal domestication in the Eastern Mediterranean can now be pushed back to the 12th millennium cal B.P. Evidence for herd management and crop cultivation appears at least 1,000 years earlier than the morphological changes traditionally used to document domestication. Different species seem to have been domesticated in different parts of the Fertile Crescent, with genetic analyses detecting multiple domestic lineages for each species. Recent evidence suggests that the expansion of domesticates and agricultural economies across the Mediterranean was accomplished by several waves of seafaring colonists who established coastal farming enclaves around the Mediterranean Basin. This process also involved the adoption of domesticates and domestic technologies by indigenous populations and the local domestication of some endemic species. Human environmental impacts are seen in the complete replacement of endemic island faunas by imported mainland fauna and in today's anthropogenic, but threatened, Mediterranean landscapes where sustainable agricultural practices have helped maintain high biodiversity since the Neolithic.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Environmental Archaeology
                Environmental Archaeology
                Informa UK Limited
                1461-4103
                1749-6314
                December 09 2024
                : 1-18
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
                [2 ]School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
                [3 ]The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
                [4 ]Israel Antiquity Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
                Article
                10.1080/14614103.2024.2434425
                1eef916b-3fa8-45c4-8bed-55d8a82b6c48
                © 2024

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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