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      Structure and stability of solid Xe(H2)n

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          Two-dimensional detector software: From real detector to idealised image or two-theta scan

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            Phase annealing in SHELX-90: direct methods for larger structures

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              A colloidal model system with an interaction tunable from hard sphere to soft and dipolar.

              Monodisperse colloidal suspensions of micrometre-sized spheres are playing an increasingly important role as model systems to study, in real space, a variety of phenomena in condensed matter physics--such as glass transitions and crystal nucleation. But to date, no quantitative real-space studies have been performed on crystal melting, or have investigated systems with long-range repulsive potentials. Here we demonstrate a charge- and sterically stabilized colloidal suspension--poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres in a mixture of cycloheptyl (or cyclohexyl) bromide and decalin--where both the repulsive range and the anisotropy of the interparticle interaction potential can be controlled. This combination of two independent tuning parameters gives rise to a rich phase behaviour, with several unusual colloidal (liquid) crystalline phases, which we explore in real space by confocal microscopy. The softness of the interaction is tuned in this colloidal suspension by varying the solvent salt concentration; the anisotropic (dipolar) contribution to the interaction potential can be independently controlled with an external electric field ranging from a small perturbation to the point where it completely determines the phase behaviour. We also demonstrate that the electric field can be used as a pseudo-thermodynamic temperature switch to enable real-space studies of melting transitions. We expect studies of this colloidal model system to contribute to our understanding of, for example, electro- and magneto-rheological fluids.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                JCPSA6
                The Journal of Chemical Physics
                J. Chem. Phys.
                AIP Publishing
                0021-9606
                1089-7690
                March 14 2015
                March 14 2015
                March 10 2015
                : 142
                : 10
                : 104503
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015-1305, USA
                [2 ]GSECARS, Advanced Photon Source, University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
                [3 ]HPCAT, Advanced Photon Source, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
                Article
                10.1063/1.4908265
                1eee1ba7-bf3d-46f3-baff-caa246439cd8
                © 2015

                https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions

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