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      Identification and pathogenicity of microorganisms affecting purple passion fruit in Colombia Translated title: Identificação e patogenicidade de microorganismos que afetam maracujá roxo na Colômbia

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims, known in Colombia as “gulupa”) is an increasingly important crop in Colombia, as seen by an increase in the area under cultivation. This recent prominence coincides with a low number of existing technologies related to the cultivation of the fruit, resulting in a lack of knowledge about its associated pathogens and the absence of rapid and precise diagnostic tests. The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of distinct microorganisms isolated from purple passion fruit samples, some of which had not been previously reported in Colombia. The sampling was performed in seven plots located in two regions of the Colombian Antioquia. With the use of field symptomatology, the isolation of microorganisms, morphological characteristics, molecular analysis, and pathogenicity tests, the pathogen species Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, and Phytophthora drechsleri were identified for the first time in Colombia. These pathogens cause lesions in fruits, with an incidence of 10.9, 7.6, and 2.8%, respectively. This is also the first report on a global level of Phytophthora drechsleri causing a disease in this plant species.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O Maracujá roxo (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims, conhecido na Colômbia como gulupa) é uma cultura cada vez mais importante na Colômbia, como visto por um aumento da área de cultivo. Esta proeminência recente coincide com o baixo número de tecnologias existentes relacionadas ao cultivo da fruta, resultando em falta de conhecimento sobre seus patógenos associados e da ausência de testes de diagnóstico rápido e preciso. Com o objetivo de determinar a patogenicidade de microorganismos distintos isolados de amostras de maracujá roxo, alguns dos quais não tinham sido previamente relatados na Colômbia. A amostragem foi realizada em sete lotes localizados em duas regiões de Antioquia Colômbia. Através da utilização de sintomatologia campo, o isolamento de microorganismos, as características morfológicas, a análise molecular e testes de patogenicidade, a espécies de agentes patogénicos Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato e Phytophthora drechsleri foram identificados pela primeira vez na Colômbia. Estes causam lesões nos frutos, com uma incidência de 10,9, 7,6 e 2,8%, respectivamente. Este é também o primeiro relatório em nível global de Phytophthora drechsleri causando uma doença nesta espécie de planta.

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          Most cited references29

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          The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex

          The limit of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex is defined genetically, based on a strongly supported clade within the Colletotrichum ITS gene tree. All taxa accepted within this clade are morphologically more or less typical of the broadly defined C. gloeosporioides, as it has been applied in the literature for the past 50 years. We accept 22 species plus one subspecies within the C. gloeosporioides complex. These include C. asianum, C. cordylinicola, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. horii, C. kahawae subsp. kahawae, C. musae, C. nupharicola, C. psidii, C. siamense, C. theobromicola, C. tropicale, and C. xanthorrhoeae, along with the taxa described here as new, C. aenigma, C. aeschynomenes, C. alatae, C. alienum, C. aotearoa, C. clidemiae, C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro, C. salsolae, and C. ti, plus the nom. nov. C. queenslandicum (for C. gloeosporioides var. minus). All of the taxa are defined genetically on the basis of multi-gene phylogenies. Brief morphological descriptions are provided for species where no modern description is available. Many of the species are unable to be reliably distinguished using ITS, the official barcoding gene for fungi. Particularly problematic are a set of species genetically close to C. musae and another set of species genetically close to C. kahawae, referred to here as the Musae clade and the Kahawae clade, respectively. Each clade contains several species that are phylogenetically well supported in multi-gene analyses, but within the clades branch lengths are short because of the small number of phylogenetically informative characters, and in a few cases individual gene trees are incongruent. Some single genes or combinations of genes, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase, can be used to reliably distinguish most taxa and will need to be developed as secondary barcodes for species level identification, which is important because many of these fungi are of biosecurity significance. In addition to the accepted species, notes are provided for names where a possible close relationship with C. gloeosporioides sensu lato has been suggested in the recent literature, along with all subspecific taxa and formae speciales within C. gloeosporioides and its putative teleomorph Glomerella cingulata. Taxonomic novelties: Name replacement - C. queenslandicum B. Weir & P.R. Johnst. New species - C. aenigma B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. aeschynomenes B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. alatae B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. alienum B. Weir & P.R. Johnst, C. aotearoa B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. clidemiae B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. salsolae B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. ti B. Weir & P.R. Johnst. New subspecies - C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro B. Weir & P.R. Johnst. Typification: Epitypification - C. queenslandicum B. Weir & P.R. Johnst.
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            Etiology and Population Genetics of Colletotrichum spp. Causing Crown and Fruit Rot of Strawberry.

            ABSTRACT Isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from diseased strawberry fruit and crowns were evaluated to determine their genetic diversity and the etiology of the diseases. Isolates were identified to species using polymerase chain reaction primers for a ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and their pathogenicity was evaluated in bioassays. Isolates were scored for variation at 40 putative genetic loci with random amplified polymorphic DNA and microsatellite markers. Only C. acutatum was recovered from diseased fruit. Nearly all isolates from crowns were C. gloeosporioides. In crown bioassays, only isolates of C. gloeosporioides from strawberry caused collapse and death of plants. A dendrogram generated from the genetic analysis identified several primary lineages. One lineage included isolates of C. acutatum from fruit and was characterized by low diversity. Another lineage included isolates of C. gloeosporioides from crowns and was highly polymorphic. The isolates from strawberry formed distinctive clusters separate from citrus isolates. Evaluation of linkage disequilibrium among polymorphic loci in isolates of C. gloeosporioides from crowns revealed a low level of disequilibrium as would be expected in sexually recombining populations. These results suggest that epidemics of crown rot are caused by Glomerella cingulata (anamorph C. gloeosporioides) and that epidemics of fruit rot are caused by C. acutatum.
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              Etiology of Phytophthora drechsleri and P. nicotianae (=P. parasitica) Diseases Affecting Floriculture Crops

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rceres
                Revista Ceres
                Rev. Ceres
                Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                0034-737X
                2177-3491
                June 2017
                : 64
                : 3
                : 250-257
                Affiliations
                [1] Medellin orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas Colombia jgramiregunal.edu.co, jgmoraleso@ 123456unal.edu.co
                [2] Rionegro Antioquia orgnameCentro de Investigación La Selva de Corpoica Colombia ptamayo@ 123456corpoica.org.co
                Article
                S0034-737X2017000300250 S0034-737X(17)06400300250
                10.1590/0034-737x201764030005
                1db4a78f-f9e6-479b-9d2c-e678e8474cb0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 April 2017
                : 10 March 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Plant Protection

                gulupa diseases,Phytophthora drechsleri.,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato,Phytopthora nicotianae var. parasitica,doenças gulupa

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