Clinicopathological study of 1000 biopsied gingival lesions among dental outpatients: a 22-year retrospective study

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Abstract

Background

Up to now, limited research has been done on a significant number of cases with all types of gingival lesion. Besides, the available literature does not provide reliable data on the epidemiology of gingival lesions, especially non-reactive lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the frequency and distribution of gingival lesions in an Iranian population.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted on 1000 gingival biopsy samples during 22 years. All lesion types were evaluated in terms of location, clinical signs and symptoms, and patients’ age and gender. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test.

Results

Out of the 5284 oral lesions, 1000 (18.92%) gingival lesions were detected, with a female dominance (64.06%). The incidence peak (35.6%) was observed in the third and fourth decades. Non-neoplastic lesions accounted for 92.4% of the cases. The most common reports were related to reactive lesions (71.8%), with the highest prevalence being related to pyogenic granuloma. Additionally, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was the most common neoplasm, and exophytic changes and color changes were the most frequent clinical signs.

Conclusions

The study findings indicated the high prevalence of gingival pathological lesions. Although most biopsies were reactive in nature, a few cases were malignant, which must be considered by practitioners. Further research is needed to achieve a clear impression about non-neoplastic lesions so as to develop more helpful oral health planning.

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Most cited references 23

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Assessment of the reproducibility and precision of milling and 3D printing surgical guides

Sueli Mukai, Eduardo Mukai, José Arnaldo Santos-Junior … (2021)

Background Technology advancement has rising in the past decade and brought several innovations and improvements. In dentistry, this advances provided more comfortable and quick procedures to both the patient and the dental surgeon, generating less predictability in the final result. Several techniques has been developed for the preparation of surgical guides aiming at the optimization of surgical procedures. The present study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and precision of two types of surgical guides obtained using 3D printing and milling methods. Methods A virtual model was developed that allowed the virtual design of milled (n = 10) or 3D printed (n = 10) surgical guides. The surgical guides were digitally oriented and overlapped on the virtual model. For the milling guides, the Sirona Dentsply system was used, while the 3D printing guides were produced using EnvisionTEC’s Perfactory P4K Life Series 3D printer and E-Guide Tint, a biocompatible Class I certified material. The precision and trueness of each group during overlap were assessed. The data were analyzed with GraphPad software using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality and Student’s t test for the variables. Results The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test showed a normal distribution of the data. Comparisons between groups showed no statistically significant differences for trueness (p = 0.529) or precision (p = 0.3021). However, a significant difference was observed in the standard deviation of mismatches regarding accuracy from the master model (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Within the limits of this study, surgical guides fabricated by milling or prototyped processes achieved similar results.

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Reactive hyperplasia of the oral cavity in Kerman province, Iran: a review of 172 cases.

Sarah Amanpoor, M Zarei, Goli Chamani (2007)

The purpose of this study was to present the clinical features of reactive hyperplasia among Iranian people. A series of 172 consecutive confirmed cases were studied using the database available at the Department of Oral Medicine, Kerman School of Dentistry. Reactive hyperplasia was classified into five groups: traumatic fibroma, peripheral fibroma with calcification, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, and hyperplasia caused by dentures. Age, sex, site, clinical and radiographic findings, and outcome of treatment were recorded. Ages ranged from 5 to 79 years (mean 36). More women were affected than men (M/F 1:1.5). Pyogenic granuloma (M/F 1:2.2, chi(2)=6.4, p=0.011) and hyperplasia caused by dentures (M/F 1:3.7, chi(2)=10.9, p=0.001) were significantly more common among women. Peripheral giant cell granuloma was more common among men (M/F 1.4:1). Of the 172 cases, 111 (64%) involved the gingiva. Pyogenic granuloma more often affected the maxillary gingiva, while traumatic fibroma, peripheral fibroma with calcification, and peripheral giant cell granuloma, were more common in the mandibular gingiva. Twenty peripheral giant cell granulomas and 23 pyogenic granulomas had ulcers on the surface. A tendency to bleed was common among patients with pyogenic granuloma (n=31) and peripheral fibroma with calcification (n=12). We have confirmed that the clinical features of reactive hyperplasia among Iranians are, for the most part, similar to those reported by other investigators.

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Relative frequency of localized reactive hyperplastic lesions of the gingiva: a retrospective study of 1675 cases from Israel.

Marilena Vered, Amos Buchner, Anna Shnaiderman (2010)

The gingiva reacts to chronic irritation or trauma with localized reactive hyperplastic lesions (LRHL) that can be classified into four groups: focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH), pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG). This study determined the frequency of LRHL in an oral pathology biopsy service and compared these data with reports from other countries. The material included the biopsies of all consecutive LRHL of the gingiva stored in the departmental database (1989-2008). Lesions were analyzed according to their location and to the patients' age and gender. The findings were compared with those published in studies from other countries. There were 1675 LRHL that comprised 6.7% of the 25,106 accessed biopsies. FFH was the most common (31.8%), followed by PG (29.1%), POF (20.4%), and PGCG (18.7%). POF tended to affect younger patients than did FFH, PG, and PGCG. FFH, PG, and POF were more common in women, while PGCG showed no gender predilection. PG and POF were more common in the maxilla, PGCG more common in the mandible and FFH was distributed equally between the jaws. The anterior region of the maxilla was the most prevalent site for FFH, PG, and POF. The results of this study differ somewhat from those of other countries. There is a need for further investigation to answer the question whether the differences can be attributed to geographic or ethnic factors and/or to small sample sizes of the reported studies. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Zohreh Jaafari-Ashkavandi: jaafariz@sums.ac.ir

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Oral Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Oral Health

Title: BMC Oral Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6831

Publication date (Electronic): 29 April 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 29 April 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 22

Electronic Location Identifier: 154

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.412571.4, ISNI 0000 0000 8819 4698, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, ; Shiraz, Iran

[2 ]GRID grid.412571.4, ISNI 0000 0000 8819 4698, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, ; Shiraz, Iran

Article

Publisher ID: 2192

DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02192-4

PMC ID: 9052626

PubMed ID: 35488268

SO-VID: 1daabc0d-231b-49c5-b3aa-ee55100452ff

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 16 December 2021

Date accepted : 22 April 2022

Funding

Funded by: The Vice-Chancellery of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Award ID: 01-03- 17686

Award Recipient : Mohammad-Salar Montazer Lotf-Elahi Golnoush Farzinnia Zohreh Jaafari-Ashkavandi

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: gingiva,biopsy,histopathology,reactive lesion,squamous cell carcinoma,pyogenic granuloma

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: gingiva, biopsy, histopathology, reactive lesion, squamous cell carcinoma, pyogenic granuloma

Clinicopathological study of 1000 biopsied gingival lesions among dental outpatients: a 22-year retrospective study

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Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM)

Most cited references 23

Assessment of the reproducibility and precision of milling and 3D printing surgical guides

Reactive hyperplasia of the oral cavity in Kerman province, Iran: a review of 172 cases.

Relative frequency of localized reactive hyperplastic lesions of the gingiva: a retrospective study of 1675 cases from Israel.

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