19
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Garlic ( Allium sativum) on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is globally the leading cause of hepatic dysfunction. Garlic has many physiological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, lipid-lowering, and antidiabetes effects. The present study aimed to systematically review the effects of garlic ( Allium sativum) and its mechanisms of function in managing NAFLD and its associated complications. The guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements were applied to perform the study (CRD42021289348). The Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched until February 2022. According to the inclusion criteria, finally, 12 studies were entered into the study. The evidence provided in the study revealed that garlic could regulate the development of NAFLD via several mechanisms of action, such as lowering body weight, modulating lipid and glucose metabolism, and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress (OS). Overall, the beneficial effects of garlic in the treatment of NAFLD make it a potential therapeutic and efficient agent in managing NAFLD and its related risk factors. There is an insufficient number of clinical trials addressing the effects of garlic in humans; therefore, conducting more human research in the future is recommended.

          Related collections

          Most cited references93

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association.

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis.

            Whereas in most cases a fatty liver remains free of inflammation, 10%-20% of patients who have fatty liver develop inflammation and fibrosis (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]). Inflammation may precede steatosis in certain instances. Therefore, NASH could reflect a disease where inflammation is followed by steatosis. In contrast, NASH subsequent to simple steatosis may be the consequence of a failure of antilipotoxic protection. In both situations, many parallel hits derived from the gut and/or the adipose tissue may promote liver inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and related signaling networks, (adipo)cytokines, and innate immunity are emerging as central pathways that regulate key features of NASH.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

              Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the world’s most common liver disease, estimated to affect up to one-fourth of the population. Hallmarked by hepatic steatosis, NAFLD is associated with a multitude of detrimental effects and increased mortality. This narrative review investigates the molecular mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD, focusing on the four major pathways contributing to lipid homeostasis in the liver. Hepatic steatosis is a consequence of lipid acquisition exceeding lipid disposal, i.e., the uptake of fatty acids and de novo lipogenesis surpassing fatty acid oxidation and export. In NAFLD, hepatic uptake and de novo lipogenesis are increased, while a compensatory enhancement of fatty acid oxidation is insufficient in normalizing lipid levels and may even promote cellular damage and disease progression by inducing oxidative stress, especially with compromised mitochondrial function and increased oxidation in peroxisomes and cytochromes. While lipid export initially increases, it plateaus and may even decrease with disease progression, sustaining the accumulation of lipids. Fueled by lipo-apoptosis, hepatic steatosis leads to systemic metabolic disarray that adversely affects multiple organs, placing abnormal lipid metabolism associated with NAFLD in close relation to many of the current life-style-related diseases.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                ECAM
                Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM
                Hindawi
                1741-427X
                1741-4288
                2022
                6 October 2022
                6 October 2022
                : 2022
                : 6960211
                Affiliations
                1Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                2Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
                3Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
                4Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
                5Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                6Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                7Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Talha Bin Emran

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8787-8411
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-1583
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-5631
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8761-7710
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-5906
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6143-9979
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-8286
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2828-1161
                Article
                10.1155/2022/6960211
                10292950
                1d953690-c289-48d2-8fa2-a9e7030469ff
                Copyright © 2022 Sanaz Pourreza et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 30 May 2022
                : 2 August 2022
                : 25 August 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
                Categories
                Review Article

                Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Complementary & Alternative medicine

                Comments

                Comment on this article