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      An IL-6/STAT3/MR/FGF21 axis mediates heart-liver cross-talk after myocardial infarction

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          Abstract

          The liver plays a protective role in myocardial infarction (MI). However, very little is known about the mechanisms. Here, we identify mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) as a pivotal nexus that conveys communications between the liver and the heart during MI. Hepatocyte MR deficiency and MR antagonist spironolactone both improve cardiac repair after MI through regulation on hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), illustrating an MR/FGF21 axis that underlies the liver-to-heart protection against MI. In addition, an upstreaming acute interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway transmits the heart-to-liver signal to suppress MR expression after MI. Hepatocyte Il6 receptor deficiency and Stat3 deficiency both aggravate cardiac injury through their regulation on the MR/FGF21 axis. Therefore, we have unveiled an IL-6/STAT3/MR/FGF21 signaling axis that mediates heart-liver cross-talk during MI. Targeting the signaling axis and the cross-talk could provide new strategies to treat MI and heart failure.

          Abstract

          Activation of communications between the heart and the liver protects the heart from myocardial infarction.

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          Most cited references67

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          Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update

          Circulation
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            Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

            Finerenone, a nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, reduced albuminuria in short-term trials involving patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes. However, its long-term effects on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes are unknown.
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              The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators.

              Aldosterone is important in the pathophysiology of heart failure. In a doubleblind study, we enrolled 1663 patients who had severe heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of no more than 35 percent and who were being treated with an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, a loop diuretic, and in most cases digoxin. A total of 822 patients were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg of spironolactone daily, and 841 to receive placebo. The primary end point was death from all causes. The trial was discontinued early, after a mean follow-up period of 24 months, because an interim analysis determined that spironolactone was efficacious. There were 386 deaths in the placebo group (46 percent) and 284 in the spironolactone group (35 percent; relative risk of death, 0.70; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.82; P<0.001). This 30 percent reduction in the risk of death among patients in the spironolactone group was attributed to a lower risk of both death from progressive heart failure and sudden death from cardiac causes. The frequency of hospitalization for worsening heart failure was 35 percent lower in the spironolactone group than in the placebo group (relative risk of hospitalization, 0.65; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.77; P<0.001). In addition, patients who received spironolactone had a significant improvement in the symptoms of heart failure, as assessed on the basis of the New York Heart Association functional class (P<0.001). Gynecomastia or breast pain was reported in 10 percent of men who were treated with spironolactone, as compared with 1 percent of men in the placebo group (P<0.001). The incidence of serious hyperkalemia was minimal in both groups of patients. Blockade of aldosterone receptors by spironolactone, in addition to standard therapy, substantially reduces the risk of both morbidity and death among patients with severe heart failure.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Validation
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: Validation
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Validation
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Investigation
                Role: InvestigationRole: SoftwareRole: Validation
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Validation
                Role: ResourcesRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: MethodologyRole: Resources
                Role: Writing - review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Visualization
                Role: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Journal
                Sci Adv
                Sci Adv
                sciadv
                advances
                Science Advances
                American Association for the Advancement of Science
                2375-2548
                April 2023
                05 April 2023
                : 9
                : 14
                : eade4110
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China.
                [ 2 ]National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
                [ 3 ]Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
                [ 4 ]Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
                [ 5 ]Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
                [ 6 ]State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China.
                [ 7 ]CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
                [ 8 ]Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.
                [ 9 ]The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
                [ 10 ]Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
                [ 11 ]Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
                [ 12 ]Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China.
                Author notes
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                [* ]Corresponding author. Email: cardexyanxx@ 123456hotmail.com (X.Y.); 13564565961@ 123456163.com (R.-G.L.); duansz2008@ 123456hotmail.com (S.-Z.D.)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-1524
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-5672
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-8566
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8442-9693
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0123-9449
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-2263
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5105-475X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-9428
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-207X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6524-8777
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3046-9902
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-524X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4866-3167
                Article
                ade4110
                10.1126/sciadv.ade4110
                10075967
                37018396
                1b953beb-bd85-4990-990a-a364649e5113
                Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 15 August 2022
                : 07 March 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81725003
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 82070262
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81991503
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81921002
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 31900810
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81900227
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 82100446
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: SHSMU-ZDCX20212500
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biomedicine and Life Sciences
                SciAdv r-articles
                Molecular Biology
                Life Sciences
                Molecular Biology
                Custom metadata
                Nicole Falcasantos

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