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      La prevención de los problemas de salud bucal: una visión desde la educación primaria Translated title: The prevention of oral health problems: a sight from primary education

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: la prevención, desde la escuela, debe facilitar una visión anticipadora que en la práctica se revierta en iniciativas en el proceso pedagógico, a partir de la participación de su colectivo, logrando modificaciones en la conducta de las personas para una mejor calidad de vida. Asimismo, propiciar la armonía entre las formas de pensar, sentir y actuar en el desarrollo del infante, y de manera activa contribuir a edificar el proyecto social deseado. Objetivo: describir el estado actual de los conocimientos, procedimientos y comportamientos, para prevenir los problemas de salud bucal en escolares de la Escuela Primaria José María Heredia de Heredia, del municipio de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un diagnóstico sobre los conocimientos, procedimientos y comportamientos que poseen los maestros para prever los problemas de salud bucal en escolares en la Escuela Primaria José María Heredia de Heredia, del municipio de Matanzas, entre los meses de febrero y abril de 2021. Resultados: se evidenció potencialidades e insuficiencias en la preparación del maestro primario para la prevención de los problemas de salud bucal. Conclusión: los conocimientos, procedimientos y comportamientos que poseen los maestros de esta institución educativa para precaver los problemas de salud bucal en sus escolares son insuficientes, y demuestran la necesidad de proponer acciones educativas dirigidas a solucionar esa insuficiencia.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: prevention, from the school, should facilitate an anticipatory vision that in practice reverts to initiatives in the pedagogical process, based on the participation of its collective, leading to changes in the behavior of people for a better life quality. It also should propitiate harmony between the ways of thinking, feeling and behaving in the development of the child, and actively contribute to build the desired social project. Objective: to describe the current state of knowledge, procedures and behaviors to prevent oral health problems in schoolchildren at Jose Maria Heredia de Heredia Primary School, in the municipality of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a diagnostic was made on the knowledge, procedures and behaviors the teachers have to prevent oral health problems in schoolchildren at Jose Maria Heredia de Heredia Primary School, municipality of Matanzas, between the months of February and April 2021. Results: potentialities and insufficiencies were evidenced in the training of the primary teacher for the prevention of oral health problems. Conclusions: the knowledge, procedures and behaviors the teachers of this educational institution have to prevent oral health problems in their students are insufficient, and demonstrate the need of proposing educational actions aimed at solving this insufficiency.

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          Most cited references16

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          Ending the neglect of global oral health: time for radical action

          Oral diseases are a major global public health problem affecting over 3·5 billion people. However, dentistry has so far been unable to tackle this problem. A fundamentally different approach is now needed. In this second of two papers in a Series on oral health, we present a critique of dentistry, highlighting its key limitations and the urgent need for system reform. In high-income countries, the current treatment-dominated, increasingly high-technology, interventionist, and specialised approach is not tackling the underlying causes of disease and is not addressing inequalities in oral health. In low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), the limitations of so-called westernised dentistry are at their most acute; dentistry is often unavailable, unaffordable, and inappropriate for the majority of these populations, but particularly the rural poor. Rather than being isolated and separated from the mainstream health-care system, dentistry needs to be more integrated, in particular with primary care services. The global drive for universal health coverage provides an ideal opportunity for this integration. Dental care systems should focus more on promoting and maintaining oral health and achieving greater oral health equity. Sugar, alcohol, and tobacco consumption, and their underlying social and commercial determinants, are common risk factors shared with a range of other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Coherent and comprehensive regulation and legislation are needed to tackle these shared risk factors. In this Series paper, we focus on the need to reduce sugar consumption and describe how this can be achieved through the adoption of a range of upstream policies designed to combat the corporate strategies used by the global sugar industry to promote sugar consumption and profits. At present, the sugar industry is influencing dental research, oral health policy, and professional organisations through its well developed corporate strategies. The development of clearer and more transparent conflict of interest policies and procedures to limit and clarify the influence of the sugar industry on research, policy, and practice is needed. Combating the commercial determinants of oral diseases and other NCDs should be a major policy priority.
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            Common dental diseases in children and malocclusion

            Malocclusion is a worldwide dental problem that influences the affected individuals to varying degrees. Many factors contribute to the anomaly in dentition, including hereditary and environmental aspects. Dental caries, pulpal and periapical lesions, dental trauma, abnormality of development, and oral habits are most common dental diseases in children that strongly relate to malocclusion. Management of oral health in the early childhood stage is carried out in clinic work of pediatric dentistry to minimize the unwanted effect of these diseases on dentition. This article highlights these diseases and their impacts on malocclusion in sequence. Prevention, treatment, and management of these conditions are also illustrated in order to achieve successful oral health for children and adolescents, even for their adult stage.
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              Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Primary Preventive Dental Health Education Programme Implemented Through School Teachers for Primary School Children in Mysore City

              Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of a Primary Preventive Dental Health Education Programme conducted for 6–12-year-old primary school children in Mysore City. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 schools, one each in the category of Government, Aided, and Unaided, were randomly selected per zone viz., North, South, East, and West. These 12 schools constituted the study group where the Primary Preventive School Dental Health Education Programme (PPSDHEP) was implemented. Two additional schools were selected at random from the four zones to serve as the control. A total of 926 children participated in the study. The PPSDHEP involved the second-level transfer of preventive package wherein the oral health education was imparted to the school children by schoolteachers trained by the investigator. Among the parameters for evaluating the outcome of the programme were the pre and post-programme assessment (at the baseline and at follow-up, i.e., after 6 months) of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), dental caries status, oral hygiene, and gingival health status. Results: The results suggest that the PPSDHEP resulted in bringing about an enhancement in the KAP towards oral health and also an improvement in dental caries, oral hygiene, and gingival health status of the school children in the study group. Conclusion: The present study supports the implementation of similar programmes in schools and the contention that schoolteachers are suitable personnel for imparting dental health education to school children on a regular basis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rme
                Revista Médica Electrónica
                Rev.Med.Electrón.
                CENTRO PROVINCIAL DE INFORMACIÓN DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS. MATANZAS (Matanzas, , Cuba )
                1684-1824
                June 2022
                : 44
                : 3
                : 508-522
                Affiliations
                [3] Matanzas orgnameUniversidad de Matanzas Camilo Cienfuegos Cuba
                [1] Matanzas orgnameClínica Docente Estomatológica César Escalante Cuba
                [2] Matanzas orgnameDirección Provincial de Salud Cuba
                Article
                S1684-18242022000300508 S1684-1824(22)04400300508
                1a0d6300-6083-48ff-aabb-c01aa81d401a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 February 2022
                : 23 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                conocimientos,oral health,prevention,primary school teachers,knowledge,maestros primarios,prevención,salud bucal

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