Basic concepts, recent advances, and future perspectives in the diagnosis of bovine mastitis

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Abstract

Mastitis is one of the most widespread infectious diseases that adversely affects the profitability of the dairy industry worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and identification of pathogens early to cull infected animals and minimize the spread of infection in herds is critical for improving treatment effects and dairy farm welfare. The major pathogens causing mastitis and pathogenesis are assessed first. The most recent and advanced strategies for detecting mastitis, including genomics and proteomics approaches, are then evaluated . Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, potential research directions, and future perspectives are reported. This review provides a theoretical basis to help veterinarians select the most sensitive, specific, and cost-effective approach for detecting bovine mastitis early.

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Most cited references 180

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci-emerging mastitis pathogens.

Satu Pyörälä, Suvi Taponen (2009)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have become the most common bovine mastitis isolate in many countries and could therefore be described as emerging mastitis pathogens. The prevalence of CNS mastitis is higher in primiparous cows than in older cows. CNS are not as pathogenic as the other principal mastitis pathogens and infection mostly remains subclinical. However, CNS can cause persistent infections, which result in increased milk somatic cell count (SCC) and decreased milk quality. CNS infection can damage udder tissue and lead to decreased milk production. Staphylococcus simulans and Staphylococcus chromogenes are currently the predominant CNS species in bovine mastitis. S. chromogenes is the major CNS species affecting nulliparous and primiparous cows whereas S. simulans has been isolated more frequently from older cows. Multiparous cows generally become infected with CNS during later lactation whereas primiparous cows develop infection before or shortly after calving. CNS mastitis is not a therapeutic problem as cure rates after antimicrobial treatment are usually high. Based on current knowledge, it is difficult to determine whether CNS species behave as contagious or environmental pathogens. Control measures against contagious mastitis pathogens, such as post-milking teat disinfection, reduce CNS infections in the herd. Phenotypic methods for identification of CNS are not sufficiently reliable, and molecular methods may soon replace them. Knowledge of the CNS species involved in bovine mastitis is limited. The dairy industry would benefit from more research on the epidemiology of CNS mastitis and more reliable methods for species identification.

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Isolation of bovine milk-derived microvesicles carrying mRNAs and microRNAs.

Taketoshi Hata, Kosuke Murakami, Hajime Nakatani … (2010)

By a series of centrifugation and ultracentrifugation, we could isolate microvesicles with approximately 100 nm in diameter from bovine milk. We also found that approximately 1700 and 1000 ng of total RNA, in which small RNAs were major components, was contained inside the microvesicles isolated from 6 ml of colostrum and mature milk, respectively, despite high RNase activity in the milk. Polyadenylated gene transcripts for major milk proteins and translation elongation factor-1alpha (EF-1alpha) were present in the microvesicles, and integrity of some transcripts was confirmed by real-time PCR targeting 5'- and 3'-ends of mRNA and by in vitro translation analysis. Moreover, a considerable amount of mammary gland and immune-related microRNAs were present in the milk-derived microvesicles. Acidification of milk to mimic gastrointestinal tract did not mostly affected RNA yield and quality. The milk related gene transcripts were detected in cultured cells when incubated with milk-derived microvesicles, suggesting cellular uptake of the microvesicle contents including RNA. Our findings suggest that bovine breast milk contains RNAs capable for being transferred to living cells and involved in the development of calf's gastrointestinal and immune systems. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Nanomedicine in the Management of Microbial Infection - Overview and Perspectives.

Xi De Zhu, Aleksandar F Radovic-Moreno, Xing-Jun Wu … (2014)

For more than 2 billion years, microbes have reigned on our planet, evolving or outlasting many obstacles they have encountered. In the 20(th) century, this trend took a dramatic turn with the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines. Nevertheless, since then, microbes have progressively eroded the effectiveness of previously successful antibiotics by developing resistance, and many infections have eluded conventional vaccine design approaches. Moreover, the emergence of resistant and more virulent strains of bacteria has outpaced the development of new antibiotics over the last few decades. These trends have had major economic and health impacts at all levels of the socioeconomic spectrum - we need breakthrough innovations that could effectively manage microbial infections and deliver solutions that stand the test of time. The application of nanotechnologies to medicine, or nanomedicine, which has already demonstrated its tremendous impact on the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, is rapidly becoming a major driving force behind ongoing changes in the antimicrobial field. Here we provide an overview on the current progress of nanomedicine in the management of microbial infection, including diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, drug delivery, medical devices, and vaccines, as well as perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in antimicrobial nanomedicine.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Vet Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JVS

Title: Journal of Veterinary Science

Publisher: The Korean Society of Veterinary Science

ISSN (Print): 1229-845X

ISSN (Electronic): 1976-555X

Publication date Collection: January 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 17 January 2024

Volume: 25

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: e18

Affiliations

[1 ]Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.

[2 ]Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry & Science Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps., Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.

[3 ]National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.

[4 ]Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, QG, Egypt.

[5 ]The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.

[6 ]Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.

[7 ]MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.

[8 ]Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.

[9 ]College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, Sichuan 646000, China.

Author notes

Corresponding author: Shuyu Xie. National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China. snxsy1@ 123456126.com

Corresponding author: Wanhe Luo. Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China. luowanhe0728@ 123456163.com

^†Samah Attia Algharib and Ali Sobhy Dawood equally contributed to this work

Author information

Samah Attia Algharib https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3336-2855

Ali Sobhy Dawood https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8733-6433

Lingli Huang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-8838

Aizhen Guo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-8356

Gang Zhao https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7386-6542

Kaixiang Zhou https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1411-9531

Chao Li https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-2261

Jinhuan Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4978-2229

Xin Gao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2469-5049

Wanhe Luo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5170-1670

Shuyu Xie https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8779-0174

Article

DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23147

PMC ID: 10839174

PubMed ID: 38311330

SO-VID: 1954a57e-8adb-46a8-ae2f-b1e2340ab775

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 01 July 2023

Date revision received : 23 October 2023

Date accepted : 23 October 2023

Funding

Funded by: Tarim University, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100008559;

Award ID: TDZKSS202144

Funded by: National Key Research and Development Program of China, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100012166;

Award ID: 2017 YFD 0501402

Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809;

Award ID: 31772797

Basic concepts, recent advances, and future perspectives in the diagnosis of bovine mastitis

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Horses and Humans Research Foundation

Most cited references 180

Coagulase-negative staphylococci-emerging mastitis pathogens.

Isolation of bovine milk-derived microvesicles carrying mRNAs and microRNAs.

Nanomedicine in the Management of Microbial Infection - Overview and Perspectives.

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