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      Efecto de Dos Sistemas de Determinación de Materia Seca en la Composición Química y Calidad del Ensilaje Directo de Avena en Diferentes Estados Fenológicos Translated title: Effect of Two Systems of Dry Matter Determination on the Chemical Composition and Quality of Direct Cut Oat Silage at Different Phenological Stages

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          Abstract

          En el Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA); Osorno, Chile, se realizó un estudio para conocer el efecto de dos métodos para determinar materia seca (MS) en la composición química de ensilajes directos de avena (Avena sativa L.) cv. Llaofén. La avena se cosechó en los estados de elongación de tallos (Temprano), emergencia de panoja (Medio) y grano lechoso-pastoso (Tardío). Las muestras de ensilaje se sometieron a secado en horno de ventilación forzada y destilación por tolueno. Entre los estados Temprano y Tardío, el rendimiento de MS base tolueno, aumentó de 4,7 a 9,7 t ha-1 y la MS tolueno, fibra detergente ácido (FDA) y fibra cruda (FC) aumentaron de 15,4 a 27,4%; 29,8 a 36,7% y de 25,2 a 28,2%, respectivamente; los contenidos de proteína cruda (PC), extracto etéreo (EE), cenizas (CT) y energía metabolizable (EM) y energía bruta (EB) disminuyeron de 13,7 a 6,6%; 3,9 a 2,6%; 2,69 a 2,01 Mcal kg-1 y 4.91 a 4.59 Mcal kg,-1, respectivamente. El contenido de MS tolueno fue 3,4 unidades porcentuales superior que el obtenido en horno, por lo cual, la composición base tolueno experimentó una dilución de 12 a 20% según estado fenológico y componente analizado. Se encontró un interacción positiva entre proteína y método de determinación, indicativa de que en estados tempranos, los efectos del secado en horno sobre las pérdidas de N fueron más pronunciados. Se concluye que en ensilajes directos de avena, sin uso de aditivos, al porcentaje de MS determinado en horno se debiera sumar el factor 3,4 para compensar la pérdida de compuestos volátiles.

          Translated abstract

          At the Remehue Regional Research Center, National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA), Osorno, Chile, a study was carried out to evaluate the effects of two methods of dry matter (DM) determination on the chemical composition of direct-cut oat (Avena sativa L.) cv. Llaofén silages. The oats were harvested at the stages of stem elongation (Early), ear emergence (Medium) and milky-doughy stage (Late). Silage samples were submitted to ventilation oven drying and to toluene distillation. From early to late stages, toluene DM yield increased from 4.7 to 9.7 t ha-1 and toluene DM, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude fiber (CF) increased from 15.4 to 27.4%; 29.8 to 36.7% and from 25.2 to 28.2%, respectively; the contents of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash (CT), metabolizable energy (ME) and gross energy (GE) decreased from 13.7 to 6.6%, 3.9 to 2.6%, 2.69 to 2.01 Mcal kg-1 and 4.91 to 4.59 Mcal kg-1, respectively. Toluene DM content was 3.4 percent greater than that obtained in the oven, therefore toluene based composition was diluted between 12 and 20% depending on growth stage and specific component analyzed. A positive interaction was found between method of DM determination and protein content, showing that at early stages, the effects of oven drying on N losses were more pronounced. It was concluded that for direct cut oat silages, without use of additives, the DM determined in the oven should be increased by the factor 3.4 to compensate for the loss of volatile compounds.

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              Effect of whole crop cereal grain silage substituted for alfalfa silage on performance of lactating dairy cows.

              Barley, oats, and triticale were planted at the University of Alberta Research Station May 22 to June 1, 1990, harvested August 5 to August 19, 1990, at the early to mid-dough stage, and ensiled. Second-cutting alfalfa was harvested at midbloom and ensiled. Twenty Holstein cows in early lactation and 24 in midlactation were subjected to a 21-d standardization period (covariate) and were fed a TMR (50:50, forage: concentrate). Forage was a combination of equal portions of silage of alfalfa, barley, oats, and triticale. Following the covariate period, cows were offered TMR for ad libitum intake for 12 wk in which the forage portion of the TMR was one of the four silages. Diets based on oat and triticale silages lowered DMI, but overall milk production was not significantly different across treatments. Digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, and ADF were highest for the alfalfa silage diet, intermediate for the barley silage diet, and lowest for diets based on oat and triticale silages. The high dietary NDF concentration in oat and triticale silage limited feed intake. However, forage source had no major effect on dairy cow performance when forage was fed for ad libitum intake; therefore, barley, oat, and triticale silages harvested at an early stage of maturity can be used effectively in dairy cow rations.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                agrtec
                Agricultura Técnica
                Agric. Téc.
                Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA (Chillán )
                0365-2807
                December 2005
                : 65
                : 4
                : 388-396
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Chile
                [2 ] Universidad Austral Argentina
                Article
                S0365-28072005000400005
                10.4067/S0365-28072005000400005
                1860319e-cc5b-4afa-995c-0d7dd7d09a9a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0365-2807&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                tolueno,oats,silage,dry matter,avena,ensilaje,toluene,materia seca
                Horticulture
                tolueno, oats, silage, dry matter, avena, ensilaje, toluene, materia seca

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