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      An examination of participation in online gambling activities and the relationship with problem gambling

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          Online gambling participation is increasing rapidly, with relatively little research about the possible effects of different gambling activities on problem gambling behaviour. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the participation in online gambling activities and the relationship with problem gambling among an international sample of online gamblers.

          Methods

          An online gambling survey was posted on 32 international gambling websites and resulted in 1,119 respondents over a four-month period.

          Results

          Poker was the most popular gambling activity online. A number of online activities were associated with problem gambling, including: roulette, poker, horse race betting, sports betting, spread betting and fruit (slot) machines. Not surprisingly, those that gambled on these activities regularly (except poker) were more likely to be a problem gambler, however, what is interesting is that the reverse is true for poker players; those that gambled regularly on poker were less likely to be a problem gambler compared to the non-regular poker players. The majority of the players also gambled offline, but there was no relationship between problem gambling and whether or not a person also gambled offline.

          Discussion

          Problem gambling is associated more with certain online gambling activities than others, and those gambling on two or more activities online were more likely to be a problem gambler.

          Conclusion

          This paper can help explain the impact different online gambling activities may have on gambling behaviour. Consideration needs to be given to the gambling activity when developing and implementing treatment programmes.

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          Most cited references32

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          Internet gambling: issues, concerns, and recommendations.

          Mark Griffiths (2003)
          The influence of technology in the field of gambling innovation continues to grow at a rapid pace. After a brief overview of gambling technologies and deregulation issues, this review examines the impact of technology on gambling by highlighting salient factors in the rise of Internet gambling (i.e., accessibility, affordability, anonymity, convenience, escape immersion/dissociation, disinhibition, event frequency, asociability, interactivity, and simulation). The paper also examines other factors in relation to Internet gambling including the relationship between Internet addiction and Internet gambling addiction. The paper ends by overviewing some of the social issues surrounding Internet gambling (i.e., protection of the vulnerable, Internet gambling in the workplace, electronic cash, and unscrupulous operators). Recommendations for Internet gambling operators are also provided.
          Article 0 comments Cited 96 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Gender-related differences in the characteristics of problem gamblers using a gambling helpline.

            B Rounsaville, Leslie D. McLaughlin, Marc Potenza … (2001)
            The characteristics of male and female gamblers utilizing a gambling helpline were examined to identify gender-related differences. The authors performed logistic regression analyses on data obtained in 1998-1999 from callers to a gambling helpline serving southern New England. Of the 562 phone calls used in the analyses, 349 (62.1%) were from male callers and 213 (37.9%) from female callers. Gender-related differences were observed in reported patterns of gambling, gambling-related problems, borrowing and indebtedness, legal problems, suicidality, and treatment for mental health and gambling problems. Male gamblers were more likely than female gamblers to report problems with strategic or "face-to-face" forms of gambling, e.g., blackjack or poker. Female gamblers were more likely to report problems with nonstrategic, less interpersonally interactive forms of gambling, e.g., slot machines or bingo. Female gamblers were more likely to report receiving nongambling-related mental health treatment. Male gamblers were more likely to report a drug problem or an arrest related to gambling. High rates of debt and psychiatric symptoms related to gambling, including anxiety and depression, were observed in both groups. Individuals with gambling disorders have gender-related differences in underlying motivations to gamble and in problems generated by excessive gambling. Different strategies may be necessary to maximize treatment efficacy for men and for women with gambling problems.
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              Sociodemographic correlates of internet gambling: findings from the 2007 british gambling prevalence survey.

              Heather Wardle, Jim Orford, Mark Griffiths … (2009)
              This study provides the first analysis ever made of a representative national sample of Internet gamblers. Using participant data from the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey (n = 9,003 adults aged 16 years and over), all participants who had gambled online, bet online, and/or used a betting exchange in the last 12 months (n = 476) were compared with all other gamblers who had not gambled via the Internet. Overall, results showed a number of significant sociodemographic differences between Internet gamblers and non-Internet gamblers. When compared to non-Internet gamblers, Internet gamblers were more likely to be male, relatively young adults, single, well educated, and in professional/managerial employment. Further analysis of DSM-IV scores showed that the problem gambling prevalence rate was significantly higher among Internet gamblers than among non-Internet gamblers. Results suggest that the medium of the Internet may be more likely to contribute to problem gambling than gambling in offline environments.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 2006
                Journal ID (MPID): 122266
                Title: Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                Abbreviated Title: JBA
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó, co-published with Springer Science+Business Media B.V., Formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers B.V.
                ISSN (Print): 2062-5871
                ISSN (Electronic): 2063-5303
                Publication date (Print): 1 March 2013
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 31-41
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
                [ 2 ] School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
                [ 3 ] NIHR Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham, UK
                [ 4 ] Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
                [ 5 ] MRC All-Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research, University of Ulster, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
                [ 6 ] Ropewalk House, 113 The Ropewalk, Nottingham, NG1 5DU, UK
                Author notes
                [* ] +44 (0115) 823 2611, +44 (0115) 823 2618, abby.mccormack@ 123456nottingham.ac.uk
                Article
                Other ID: 5
                DOI: 10.1556/jba.2.2013.1.5
                PubMed ID: 26165769
                SO-VID: 1668b08a-ad78-4ba1-a85d-01601986819c
                Copyright © © 2013 The Author(s)
                License:

                Open Access statement. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                Date received : 29 October 2012
                Date: 29 November 2012
                Date accepted : 30 November 2012

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: online gambling,internet,problem gambling,gambling activity,addiction
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine, Psychology, Social & Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: online gambling, internet, problem gambling, gambling activity, addiction

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