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      Developing an HIV Behavioral Surveillance System for Injecting Drug Users: The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System

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          Sampling and Estimation in Hidden Populations Using Respondent-Driven Sampling

          Matthew J. Salganik, Douglas D Heckathorn (2004)
          Article 0 comments Cited 397 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Review of sampling hard-to-reach and hidden populations for HIV surveillance.

            Robert Magnani, Keith Sabin, Tobi Saidel … (2005)
            Adequate surveillance of hard-to-reach and 'hidden' subpopulations is crucial to containing the HIV epidemic in low prevalence settings and in slowing the rate of transmission in high prevalence settings. For a variety of reasons, however, conventional facility and survey-based surveillance data collection strategies are ineffective for a number of key subpopulations, particularly those whose behaviors are illegal or illicit. This paper critically reviews alternative sampling strategies for undertaking behavioral or biological surveillance surveys of such groups. Non-probability sampling approaches such as facility-based sentinel surveillance and snowball sampling are the simplest to carry out, but are subject to a high risk of sampling/selection bias. Most of the probability sampling methods considered are limited in that they are adequate only under certain circumstances and for some groups. One relatively new method, respondent-driven sampling, an adaptation of chain-referral sampling, appears to be the most promising for general applications. However, as its applicability to HIV surveillance in resource-poor settings has yet to be established, further field trials are needed before a firm conclusion can be reached.
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              Sexual transmission of HIV-1 among injection drug users in San Francisco, USA: risk-factor analysis.

              David Gee, P Bacchetti, A Kral … (2001)
              Many new HIV-1 infections in the USA occur in injection drug users (IDUs). HIV-1seroconversion of IDUs is mainly associated with injection-related risk factors. Harm- reduction programmes concentrate on injection-risk behaviour. We aimed to establish whether injection or sexual risk factors, or both, were associated with HIV-1antibody seroconversion of street-recruited IDUs in San Francisco, from 1986 to 1998. IDUs were enrolled every 6 months from four community sites. We did a nested case-control study comparing 58 respondents who seroconverted between visits with 1134 controls who remained seronegative. Controls were matched with cases by sex and date. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI were calculated for men and women by use of conditional logistic regression. Men who had sex with men were 8.8 times as likely to seroconvert (95% CI 3.7-20.5) as heterosexual men. Women who reported having traded sex for money in the past year were 5.1 times as likely as others to seroconvert (95% CI 1.9-13.7). Women younger than 40 years were more likely to seroconvert than those 40 years or older (2.8 [1.05-7.6]), and women who reported having a steady sex-partner who injected drugs were less likely to seroconvert than other women (0.32 [0.11-0.92]). HIV-1 seroconversion of street-recruited IDUs in San Francisco is strongly associated with sexual behaviour. HIV-1risk might be reduced by incorporation of innovative sexual-risk-reduction strategies into harm-reduction programmes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Public Health Reports
                Abbreviated Title: Public Health Reports
                Publisher: SAGE Publications
                ISSN (Print): 0033-3549
                ISSN (Electronic): 1468-2877
                Publication date Created: August 02 2016
                Publication date (Print): August 02 2016
                Volume: 122
                Issue: 1_suppl
                Pages: 48-55
                Article
                DOI: 10.1177/00333549071220S108
                PubMed ID: 17354527
                SO-VID: 1578a5d8-1b3c-4a27-b6ea-c17873acb387
                Copyright © © 2016
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