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      Interaktive elektronische Visualisierungsformate in der studentischen Ausbildung Translated title: Interactive electronic visualization formats in student teaching

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          Abstract

          Hintergrund

          Im Rahmen von Kontaktbeschränkungen wird die herkömmliche Lehre derzeit optimierungs- und ausbaufähig. Das Angebot an digitalen Lehrformaten in der studentischen Ausbildung ist sehr heterogen und die Effektivität ungewiss. Diese Studie zielt darauf ab zu untersuchen, inwieweit eine elektronische Visite als Alternative zum herkömmlichen HNO-Anwesenheitspraktikum genutzt werden kann und ob der Einsatz von elektronischen Lehrformaten einen Einfluss auf die Qualität der Lehre ausübt.

          Material und Methoden

          Anstelle regulärer Anwesenheitspraktika erfolgte einmal wöchentlich der Unterricht am Krankenbett in Echtzeit als Videostream via Tablet. In die prospektive Studie wurden 43 Studierende des 7. Semesters (WS 2020/2021) einbezogen. Mithilfe von Evaluationsbögen wurde der subjektive didaktische Wert verschiedener Visualisierungsformate für die Studierenden untersucht. Vergleichend hinzugezogen wurden die Klausurergebnisse der Vorjahre.

          Ergebnisse

          Die Mehrheit der Studierenden gaben an, einen Wissenszugewinn durch die elektronische Visite zu haben (93,02 %) und dass diese eine gute Alternative zum herkömmlichen Anwesenheitspraktikum darstellte (69,77 %). Die Qualität der Video- und Audioübertragung sowie Verständlichkeit der gezeigten Fallbeispiele wurde durchgehend als gut bis sehr gut bewertet. Die Klausurergebnisse der Studierenden waren im Testsemester tendenziell leicht schlechter als in den Kontrollsemestern.

          Schlussfolgerungen

          Die Integration innovativer interaktiver Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten in die Lehre zeigt vielversprechende Perspektiven als Ergänzung zum herkömmlichen Präsenzunterricht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie können dazu beitragen, die digitale Lehre weiter auszubauen. Eine Skalierung dieses Modells könnte insbesondere in Ländern mit begrenzter Verfügbarkeit von Präsenzlehrplätzen in Betracht gezogen werden.

          Translated abstract

          Background

          In the context of contact restrictions, conventional teaching is currently in need of optimization and expansion. The range of digital teaching formats in student training is very heterogeneous and their effectiveness uncertain. This study aims to investigate the extent to which an electronic ward round can be used as an alternative to the conventional ENT attendance practical course, and whether the use of electronic teaching formats has an influence on the quality of teaching.

          Materials and methods

          Instead of regular attendance practicals, bedside teaching took place once a week in real time as a video stream via tablet. A total of 43 students in the seventh semester (winter semester 2020/2021) were included in the prospective study. Evaluation forms were used to examine the subjective didactic value of different visualization formats for the students. Examination results from previous years were used for comparison.

          Results

          The majority of students reported knowledge gain from the electronic rounds (93.02%) and that they were a good alternative to the traditional attendance clerkship (69.77%). The quality of the video and audio transmission as well as the comprehensibility of the case studies presented were consistently rated as good to very good. The students’ examination results tended to be slightly worse in the test group compared to the control students of previous years.

          Conclusion

          Integration of innovative interactive visualization options into teaching shows promising prospects as a supplement to conventional face-to-face teaching. The results of this study can contribute to the further expansion of digital teaching. Scaling up this model could be considered especially in countries with limited availability of face-to-face teaching.

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          Most cited references28

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          Internet-based learning in the health professions: a meta-analysis.

          The increasing use of Internet-based learning in health professions education may be informed by a timely, comprehensive synthesis of evidence of effectiveness. To summarize the effect of Internet-based instruction for health professions learners compared with no intervention and with non-Internet interventions. Systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, TimeLit, Web of Science, Dissertation Abstracts, and the University of Toronto Research and Development Resource Base from 1990 through 2007. Studies in any language quantifying the association of Internet-based instruction and educational outcomes for practicing and student physicians, nurses, pharmacists, dentists, and other health care professionals compared with a no-intervention or non-Internet control group or a preintervention assessment. Two reviewers independently evaluated study quality and abstracted information including characteristics of learners, learning setting, and intervention (including level of interactivity, practice exercises, online discussion, and duration). There were 201 eligible studies. Heterogeneity in results across studies was large (I(2) > or = 79%) in all analyses. Effect sizes were pooled using a random effects model. The pooled effect size in comparison to no intervention favored Internet-based interventions and was 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.10; P < .001; n = 126 studies) for knowledge outcomes, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.49-1.20; P < .001; n = 16) for skills, and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.63-1.02; P < .001; n = 32) for learner behaviors and patient effects. Compared with non-Internet formats, the pooled effect sizes (positive numbers favoring Internet) were 0.10 (95% CI, -0.12 to 0.32; P = .37; n = 43) for satisfaction, 0.12 (95% CI, 0.003 to 0.24; P = .045; n = 63) for knowledge, 0.09 (95% CI, -0.26 to 0.44; P = .61; n = 12) for skills, and 0.51 (95% CI, -0.24 to 1.25; P = .18; n = 6) for behaviors or patient effects. No important treatment-subgroup interactions were identified. Internet-based learning is associated with large positive effects compared with no intervention. In contrast, effects compared with non-Internet instructional methods are heterogeneous and generally small, suggesting effectiveness similar to traditional methods. Future research should directly compare different Internet-based interventions.
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            Medical education trends for future physicians in the era of advanced technology and artificial intelligence: an integrative review

            Background Medical education must adapt to different health care contexts, including digitalized health care systems and a digital generation of students in a hyper-connected world. The aims of this study are to identify and synthesize the values that medical educators need to implement in the curricula and to introduce representative educational programs. Methods An integrative review was conducted to combine data from various research designs. We searched for articles on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO ERIC between 2011 and 2017. Key search terms were “undergraduate medical education,” “future,” “twenty-first century,” “millennium,” “curriculum,” “teaching,” “learning,” and “assessment.” We screened and extracted them according to inclusion and exclusion criteria from titles and abstracts. All authors read the full texts and discussed them to reach a consensus about the themes and subthemes. Data appraisal was performed using a modified Hawker ‘s evaluation form. Results Among the 7616 abstracts initially identified, 28 full-text articles were selected to reflect medical education trends and suggest suitable educational programs. The integrative themes and subthemes of future medical education are as follows: 1) a humanistic approach to patient safety that involves encouraging humanistic doctors and facilitating collaboration; 2) early experience and longitudinal integration by early exposure to patient-oriented integration and longitudinal integrated clerkships; 3) going beyond hospitals toward society by responding to changing community needs and showing respect for diversity; and 4) student-driven learning with advanced technology through active learning with individualization, social interaction, and resource accessibility. Conclusions This review integrated the trends in undergraduate medical education in readiness for the anticipated changes in medical environments. The detailed programs introduced in this study could be useful for medical educators in the development of curricula. Further research is required to integrate the educational trends into graduate and continuing medical education, and to investigate the status or effects of innovative educational programs in each medical school or environment.
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              Effectiveness of Digital Education on Communication Skills Among Medical Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration

              Effective communication skills are essential in diagnosis and treatment processes and in building the doctor-patient relationship. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of digital education in medical students for communication skills development. Broadly, we assessed whether digital education could improve the quality of future doctors’ communication skills. We performed a systematic review and searched seven electronic databases and two trial registries for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs (cRCTs) published between January 1990 and September 2018. Two reviewers independently screened the citations, extracted data from the included studies, and assessed the risk of bias. We also assessed the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations assessment (GRADE). We included 12 studies with 2101 medical students, of which 10 were RCTs and two were cRCTs. The digital education included online modules, virtual patient simulations, and video-assisted oral feedback. The control groups included didactic lectures, oral feedback, standard curriculum, role play, and no intervention as well as less interactive forms of digital education. The overall risk of bias was high, and the quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. For skills outcome, meta-analysis of three studies comparing digital education to traditional learning showed no statistically significant difference in postintervention skills scores between the groups (standardized mean difference [SMD]=–0.19; 95% CI –0.9 to 0.52; I2=86%, N=3 studies [304 students]; small effect size; low-quality evidence). Similarly, a meta-analysis of four studies comparing the effectiveness of blended digital education (ie, online or offline digital education plus traditional learning) and traditional learning showed no statistically significant difference in postintervention skills between the groups (SMD=0.15; 95% CI –0.26 to 0.56; I2=86%; N=4 studies [762 students]; small effect size; low-quality evidence). The additional meta-analysis of four studies comparing more interactive and less interactive forms of digital education also showed little or no difference in postintervention skills scores between the two groups (SMD=0.12; 95% CI: –0.09 to 0.33; I2=40%; N=4 studies [893 students]; small effect size; moderate-quality evidence). For knowledge outcome, two studies comparing the effectiveness of blended online digital education and traditional learning reported no difference in postintervention knowledge scores between the groups (SMD=0.18; 95% CI: –0.2 to 0.55; I2=61%; N=2 studies [292 students]; small effect size; low-quality evidence). The findings on attitudes, satisfaction, and patient-related outcomes were limited or mixed. None of the included studies reported adverse outcomes or economic evaluation of the interventions. We found low-quality evidence showing that digital education is as effective as traditional learning in medical students’ communication skills training. Blended digital education seems to be at least as effective as and potentially more effective than traditional learning for communication skills and knowledge. We also found no difference in postintervention skills between more and less interactive forms of digital education. There is a need for further research to evaluate the effectiveness of other forms of digital education such as virtual reality, serious gaming, and mobile learning on medical students’ attitude, satisfaction, and patient-related outcomes as well as the adverse effects and cost-effectiveness of digital education.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                saramaria.vanbonn@med.uni-rostock.de
                Journal
                HNO
                HNO
                Hno
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                0017-6192
                1433-0458
                23 February 2024
                23 February 2024
                2024
                : 72
                : 5
                : 341-349
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.413108.f, ISNI 0000 0000 9737 0454, Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie „Otto Körner“, , Universitätsmedizin Rostock, ; Doberaner Straße 137, 18057 Rostock, Deutschland
                Article
                1436
                10.1007/s00106-024-01436-9
                11045576
                38393668
                1537fe70-28d4-417c-b9a8-3d7f2f5cc777
                © The Author(s) 2024

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                History
                : 22 January 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: Universitätsmedizin Rostock (8980)
                Categories
                Originalien
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                © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2024

                simulationstraining,medizinstudierende,hals-nasen-ohren-heilkunde,digitale technologie,lehre,simulation training,medical students,otorhinolaryngology,digital technology,teaching

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