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      El consumo de automóviles en la América Latina y el Caribe (1902-1930)

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          Abstract

          Resumen El automóvil como bien de consumo duradero se difunde en América Latina en el primer tercio del siglo XX. El comercio exterior determina su consumo en la región, a excepción de algunos países que en la década de 1920 consiguen implementar plantas de ensamblaje de automóviles con piezas importadas, lo que ocurre solamente allí donde coincide una cierta dimensión del mercado y un nivel de renta elevado (Argentina, Brasil, México y Uruguay). Otros factores explicativos, aunque en un claro segundo plano, son la extensión de medidas proteccionistas y una mayor desigualdad en la distribución de la renta. Al respecto, proponemos que hubo un impacto negativo sobre el consumo final cuando el consumo se sesgó hacia los automóviles de gama más cara; en tanto que en los países donde el consumo por habitante es alto se consumen cantidades proporcionalmente altas de vehículos de la gama de precios bajos. Las importaciones de automóviles muestran buena parte del consumo de automóviles y nos permiten calcular los vehículos en circulación, además de indicar cuales fueron los países donde se desarrollaron experiencias propias en la producción de autos. El papel que en ellas juegan los EUA es casi absoluto a partir de 1920, después de la I Guerra Mundial, aunque anteriormente tiene que compartir buena parte del, aun reducido mercado, con varios países europeos (Francia, Italia, Alemania y Gran Bretaña).

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The automobile as a durable consumer good spread in Latin America in the first three decades of the 20th century. The consumption of automobiles in the region was determined by foreign trade, with the exception of some countries which in the 1920s managed to set up automobile assembly plants with imported parts. This only occurred in places where both the market was big enough and income levels, high enough - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay. Additional factors explaining the spread of the consumption of automobiles are the expansion of protectionist measures and a greater inequality in income distribution. In this regard, we propose that there was a negative impact on final consumption when consumption was biased towards up-market automobiles, while in those countries where consumption per inhabitant is high there is a proportionally greater consumption of down-market vehicles. Automobile imports show much of automobile consumption and allow us to calculate the vehicles in use, as well as to indicate which countries produced automobiles. The role played in these countries by the United States is virtually absolute as from 1920, after the First World War, although prior to this it had to share much of the market, albeit reduced, with various countries - France, Italy, Germany and Great Britain.

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          Most cited references21

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          The Economic History of Latin America since Independence

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            Automotores norteamericanos, caminos y modernización urbana en la Argentina, 1918-1939.

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              American Business Abroad: Ford on Six Continents

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ete
                El trimestre económico
                El trimestre econ
                Fondo de Cultura Económica
                2448-718X
                June 2011
                : 78
                : 310
                : 317-342
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universitat de Barcelona Spain
                [2 ] Universitat de Barcelona Spain
                Article
                S2448-718X2011000200317
                1522f176-392a-4c98-b775-a1ff2d5be0de

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                Categories
                Economics

                General economics
                Automóvil,Consumo bienes duraderos,Comercio América Latina,Automobile,Durable consumer goods,Latin American Trade

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