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      A Flexible Quasi-Solid-State Nickel-Zinc Battery with High Energy and Power Densities Based on 3D Electrode Design

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          Abstract

          A flexible quasi-solid-state Ni-Zn battery is developed by using tiny ZnO nanoparticles and porous ultrathin NiO nanoflakes conformally deposited on hierar chical carbon-cloth-carbon-fiber (CC-CF) as the anode (CC-CF@ZnO) and cathode (CC-CF@NiO), respectively. The device is able to deliver high performance (absence of Zn dendrite), superior to previous reports on aqueous Ni-Zn batteries and other flexible electrochemical energy-storage devices.

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          Materials science. Where do batteries end and supercapacitors begin?

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            Laser scribing of high-performance and flexible graphene-based electrochemical capacitors.

            Although electrochemical capacitors (ECs), also known as supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, charge and discharge faster than batteries, they are still limited by low energy densities and slow rate capabilities. We used a standard LightScribe DVD optical drive to do the direct laser reduction of graphite oxide films to graphene. The produced films are mechanically robust, show high electrical conductivity (1738 siemens per meter) and specific surface area (1520 square meters per gram), and can thus be used directly as EC electrodes without the need for binders or current collectors, as is the case for conventional ECs. Devices made with these electrodes exhibit ultrahigh energy density values in different electrolytes while maintaining the high power density and excellent cycle stability of ECs. Moreover, these ECs maintain excellent electrochemical attributes under high mechanical stress and thus hold promise for high-power, flexible electronics.
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              "Water-in-salt" electrolyte enables high-voltage aqueous lithium-ion chemistries.

              Lithium-ion batteries raise safety, environmental, and cost concerns, which mostly arise from their nonaqueous electrolytes. The use of aqueous alternatives is limited by their narrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 volts), which sets an intrinsic limit on the practical voltage and energy output. We report a highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte whose window was expanded to ~3.0 volts with the formation of an electrode-electrolyte interphase. A full lithium-ion battery of 2.3 volts using such an aqueous electrolyte was demonstrated to cycle up to 1000 times, with nearly 100% coulombic efficiency at both low (0.15 coulomb) and high (4.5 coulombs) discharge and charge rates.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Advanced Materials
                Adv. Mater.
                Wiley
                09359648
                October 2016
                October 2016
                August 26 2016
                : 28
                : 39
                : 8732-8739
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
                [2 ]Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 117574 Singapore
                [3 ]Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education; School of Physics and Technology; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
                Article
                10.1002/adma.201603038
                27562134
                14ab4c8d-3255-4db8-aef6-cd531c8c889b
                © 2016

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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