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      A terpenoid isolated from sarang semut ( Myrmecodia pendans) bulb and its potential for the inhibition and eradication of Streptococcus mutans biofilm

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          Abstract

          Background

          Dental caries remains a serious problem due to its detrimental effects on individual health and quality of life. The bulbs of Myrmecodia pendans (Merr & Perry), native plants of Papua, have been used as natural remedies for tumours, gout, diarrhoea, and fever. In this study, one of the active compounds of M. pendans was isolated, and its biological activity against the formation of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 biofilm was tested.

          Methods

          M. pendans was extracted with ethyl acetate using a Soxhlet apparatus. The extract was then separated, and chromatographic purification provided the isolated compound. The structure of the active compound was then characterized using UV, IR, NMR, and MS spectrometry. The obtained compound was added to S. mutans biofilms to determine the MBIC and MBEC values.

          Results

          The compound isolated from M. pendans was determined to be a labdane diterpene derivative with the formula C 31H 50O 3. The MBIC value of the terpenoid towards the S. mutans biofilms was 50 ppm, and the MBEC value for the 1 min induction time was 40%.

          Conclusion

          The terpenoid extracted from M. pendans has the potential to be developed into an antibacterial agent particularly for preventing the formation of biofilms.

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          Most cited references24

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          A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria.

          J Eloff (1998)
          Agar diffusion techniques are used widely to assay plant extracts for antimicrobial activity, but there are problems associated with this technique. A micro-dilution technique was developed using 96-well microplates and tetrazolium salts to indicate bacterial growth. p-Iodonitrotetrazolium violet [0.2 mg/ml] gave better results than tetrazolium red or thiazolyl blue. The method is quick, worked well with Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli and with non-aqueous extracts from many different plants. The method gave reproducible results; required only 10-25 microliters of extract to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations, distinguished between microcidal and microstatic effects, and provided a permanent record of the results. Using S. aureus, and a Combretum molle extract, the technique was 32 times more sensitive than agar diffusion techniques and was not sensitive to culture age of the test organism up to 24 hours. The S. aureus culture could be stored up to 10 days in a cold room with little effect on the assay results. This method was useful in screening plants for antimicrobial activity and for the bioassay-guided isolation of antimicrobial compounds from plants. MIC values determined for sulfisoxazole, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and nitrofuratoin were similar to values indicated in the literature but values obtained with trimethroprim and ampicillin were higher with some bacteria.
          Article 0 comments Cited 419 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            • Record: found
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            Natural Products in Caries Research: Current (Limited) Knowledge, Challenges and Future Perspective

            J.-G Jeon, P.L. Rosalen, M.L. Falsetta … (2011)
            Dental caries is the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Virulent biofilms firmly attached to tooth surfaces are prime biological factors associated with this disease. The formation of an exopolysaccharide-rich biofilm matrix, acidification of the milieu and persistent low pH at the tooth-biofilm interface are major controlling virulence factors that modulate dental caries pathogenesis. Each one offers a selective therapeutic target for prevention. Although fluoride, delivered in various modalities, remains the mainstay for the prevention of caries, additional approaches are required to enhance its effectiveness. Available antiplaque approaches are based on the use of broad-spectrum microbicidal agents, e.g. chlorhexidine. Natural products offer a rich source of structurally diverse substances with a wide range of biological activities, which could be useful for the development of alternative or adjunctive anticaries therapies. However, it is a challenging approach owing to complex chemistry and isolation procedures to derive active compounds from natural products. Furthermore, most of the studies have been focused on the general inhibitory effects on glucan synthesis as well as on bacterial metabolism and growth, often employing methods that do not address the pathophysiological aspects of the disease (e.g. bacteria in biofilms) and the length of exposure/retention in the mouth. Thus, the true value of natural products in caries prevention and/or their exact mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, natural substances potentially active against virulent properties of cariogenic organisms have been identified. This review focuses on gaps in the current knowledge and presents a model for investigating the use of natural products in anticaries chemotherapy.
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              Structural and molecular basis of the role of starch and sucrose in Streptococcus mutans biofilm development.

              Marlise Klein, S Mitra, J. Xiao … (2009)
              The interaction of sucrose and starch with bacterial glucosyltransferases and human salivary amylase may enhance the pathogenic potential of Streptococcus mutans within biofilms by influencing the structural organization of the extracellular matrix and modulating the expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis and specific sugar transport and two-component systems.
              Article 0 comments Cited 63 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Meirina Gartika: meirina.gartika@fkg.unpad.ac.id
                Hening T. Pramesti: hening.tjaturina@fkg.unpad.ac.id
                Dikdik Kurnia: dikdik.kurnia@unpad.ac.id
                Mieke H. Satari: mieke.satari@fkg.unpad.ac.id
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Complement Altern Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Complement Altern Med
                Title: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6882
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 May 2018
                Publication date PMC-release: 9 May 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 18
                Electronic Location Identifier: 151
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1796 1481, GRID grid.11553.33, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, , Universitas Padjadjaran, ; Bandung, Indonesia
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1796 1481, GRID grid.11553.33, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, , Universitas Padjadjaran, ; Bandung, Indonesia
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1796 1481, GRID grid.11553.33, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, , Universitas Padjadjaran, ; Bandung, Indonesia
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2213
                DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2213-x
                PMC ID: 5941495
                PubMed ID: 29739390
                SO-VID: 140908a6-7289-4bbe-9e7e-4def42bf287a
                Copyright © © The Author(s). 2018
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 23 January 2018
                Date accepted : 18 April 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: Universitas Padjadjaran
                Award ID: 872/UN6.3.1/LT/2017
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2018

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: streptococcus mutans biofilm,terpenoid,myrmecodia pendans
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: streptococcus mutans biofilm, terpenoid, myrmecodia pendans

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