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      High Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Schoolchildren in Three Townships around Yangon, Myanmar

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          Abstract

          In order to determine the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among schoolchildren in suburban areas of Myanmar, 761 primary schoolchildren in 3 different townships around Yangon City were subjected to a survey using cello-tape anal swabs. The subjected schoolchildren were 383 boys and 378 girls who were 5-7 years of age. Only 1 anal swab was obtained from each child. The overall egg positive rate of E. vermicularis was 47.2% (359 positives), and sex difference was not remarkable (48.6% in boys and 45.8% in girls). However, the positive rate was the highest in South Dagon (54.6%) followed by Hlaing Thayar (43.8%) and North Dagon (34.8%). This difference was highly correlated with the living standards of the people in each township. Nucleotide sequence of the 5S rDNA from the eggs on the cello-tape (2 children) revealed 99.7% identity with that of E. vermicularis reported in GenBank. The results indicated that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among primary schoolchildren around Yangon, Myanmar.

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          Molecular Diagnosis of Cause of Anisakiasis in Humans, South Korea

          Anisakiasis in humans in South Korea has been considered to be caused exclusively by the larvae of Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Pseudoterranova decipiens. Recently, however, DNA sequencing of larvae from 15 of 16 anisakiasis patients confirmed the cause to be Anisakis pegreffii infection. Molecular analysis should be performed for all extracted larvae.
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            Effect of hygiene promotion on the risk of reinfection rate of intestinal parasites in children in rural Uzbekistan.

            A controlled prospective cohort study was designed to assess the effectiveness of hygiene promotion on the risk of reinfection by intestinal parasites in children in 276 rural Uzbek households over a 1-year period. The study included three groups: seasonality (no medicine, no hygiene promotion activity), treatment (medicine provided, no hygiene promotion activity) and hygiene promotion (medicine provided and hygiene promotion activity). The Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation methodology was utilized as the key tool in hygiene promotion activities. Three hygiene behaviors were targeted: hand washing with soap, safe feces disposal and boiling drinking water. On average, more than 80% of all children tested were infected with Enterobius vermicularis, Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Giardia lamblia or Entamoeba coli. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups for the risk of reinfection rate: the risk of reinfection by parasites was 30% lower in the hygiene promotion group than in the treatment group and 37% lower than in the seasonality group. If properly designed and carried out, hygiene promotion is an effective tool in reducing the risk of intestinal parasite reinfection in children, thus improving children's health in rural communities.
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              A survey of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea.

              To determine the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children living on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, children (3-10 years) in 39 kindergartens and primary schools were examined using the cello-tape anal swab method, during July and August 2000. Of 1,661 children examined, 307 (18.5%) were found to be positive for E. vermicularis eggs. The highest infection rate (59.3%) was found in a kindergarten and a branch school of Shinyang primary school on Chujado, Jeju-do (Province). Remarkable differences in egg positive rates were observed in different localities. The egg positive rate for boys (21.3%) was significantly higher than that of girls (15.4%) (P = 0.02). However, positive rates were not significantly dependent on age. The results of the present study show that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among pre-school and primary school children living on the western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, and indicate the need for efforts to control this infection.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Korean J Parasitol
                Korean J. Parasitol
                KJP
                The Korean Journal of Parasitology
                The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine
                0023-4001
                1738-0006
                December 2015
                31 December 2015
                : 53
                : 6
                : 771-775
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
                [2 ]Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
                [3 ]Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07653, Korea
                [4 ]National Health Laboratory, Yangon 11191, Myanmar
                Author notes
                *Corresponding author ( cjy@ 123456snu.ac.kr )
                Article
                kjp-53-6-771
                10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.771
                4725233
                26797448
                0dd01ad3-1981-49e7-b2f4-60ab6e58ba21
                © 2015, Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 11 September 2015
                : 7 November 2015
                : 7 November 2015
                Categories
                Brief Communication

                Parasitology
                enterobius vermicularis,enterobiasis,high prevalence,anal swab,schoolchildren,myanmar
                Parasitology
                enterobius vermicularis, enterobiasis, high prevalence, anal swab, schoolchildren, myanmar

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