COVID 19 repercussions in ophthalmology: a narrative review

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The new coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and has repercussions within ophthalmological care. It has caused ocular manifestations in some patients, which can spread through eye secretions.

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this review was to summarize the currently available evidence on COVID-19 with regard to its implications for ophthalmology.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

Narrative review developed by a research group at Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil, and at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.

METHODS:

We searched the literature on the repercussions of COVID-19 within ophthalmological care, using the MEDLINE and LILACS databases, with the keywords “COVID-19”, “ophthalmology” and “coronavirus”, from January 1, 2020, to March 27, 2021. Clinical trials, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, reviews and systematic reviews were identified.

RESULTS:

We retrieved 884 references, of which 42 were considered eligible for intensive review and critical analysis. Most of the studies selected reported the evidence regarding COVID-19 and its implications for ophthalmology.

CONCLUSIONS:

Knowledge of eye symptoms and ocular transmission of the virus remains incomplete. New clinical trials with larger numbers of patients may answer these questions in the future. Moreover, positively, implementation of innovative changes in medicine such as telemedicine and artificial intelligence may assist in diagnosing eye diseases and in training and education for students.

Related collections

Most cited references 55

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li … (2020)

Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.

0 comments Cited 22447 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

Wei-jie Guan, Zheng-yi Ni, Yu Hu … (2020)

Abstract Background Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients. Methods We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Results The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were female. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), including 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a history of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had contact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The most common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during hospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median incubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of 877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with severe disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on admission. Conclusions During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. (Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.)

0 comments Cited 13908 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus

Wenhui Li, Michael Moore, Natalya Vasilieva … (2003)

Spike (S) proteins of coronaviruses, including the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), associate with cellular receptors to mediate infection of their target cells 1,2 . Here we identify a metallopeptidase, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) 3,4 , isolated from SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-permissive Vero E6 cells, that efficiently binds the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV S protein. We found that a soluble form of ACE2, but not of the related enzyme ACE1, blocked association of the S1 domain with Vero E6 cells. 293T cells transfected with ACE2, but not those transfected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 receptors, formed multinucleated syncytia with cells expressing S protein. Furthermore, SARS-CoV replicated efficiently on ACE2-transfected but not mock-transfected 293T cells. Finally, anti-ACE2 but not anti-ACE1 antibody blocked viral replication on Vero E6 cells. Together our data indicate that ACE2 is a functional receptor for SARS-CoV. Supplementary information The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nature02145) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

0 comments Cited 2070 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Thiago Gonçalves dos Santos Martins: Role: conceptualization (equal), data curation (equal), formal analysis (equal), investigation (equal), methodology (equal), project administration (equal), resources (equal), software (equal), supervision (equal), validation (equal), visualization (equal), writing-original draft (equal) and writing-review and editing (equal);

Diogo Gonçalves dos Santos Martins: Role: conceptualization (equal), data curation (equal), formal analysis (equal), investigation (equal), methodology (equal), project administration (equal), resources (equal), software (equal), supervision (equal), validation (equal), visualization (equal), writing-original draft (equal) and writing-review and editing (equal);

Thomaz Gonçalves dos Santos Martins: Role: data curation (equal), formal analysis (equal), investigation (equal), methodology (equal), project administration (equal), resources (equal), software (equal), supervision (equal), validation (equal), visualization (equal), writing-original draft (equal) and writing-review and editing (equal);

Paula Marinho: Role: conceptualization (equal), data curation (equal), formal analysis (equal), investigation (equal), methodology (equal), project administration (equal), resources (equal), software (equal), supervision (equal), validation (equal), visualization (equal), writing-original draft (equal) and writing-review and editing (equal);

Paulo Schor: Role: conceptualization (equal), data curation (equal), formal analysis (equal), investigation (equal), methodology (equal), project administration (equal), resources (equal), software (equal), supervision (equal), validation (equal), visualization (equal), writing-original draft (equal) and writing-review and editing (equal).

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sao Paulo Med J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sao Paulo Med J

Journal ID (publisher-id): Sao Paulo Med J

Title: São Paulo Medical Journal

Publisher: Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM

ISSN (Print): 1516-3180

ISSN (Electronic): 1806-9460

Publication date (Electronic): 14 June 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 139

Issue: 5

Pages: 535-542

Affiliations

[I ] originalMD, MSc. Doctoral Student, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil; Research Fellow, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich Germany; and Doctoral Student, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

[II ] originalMD. Ophthalmologist, Hospital Central da Aeronáutica, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.

[III ] originalMD. Ophthalmologist, Hospital da Piedade, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil

[IV ] originalMD. Doctoral Student, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.

[V ] originalMD, MSc, PhD. Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Thiago Gonçalves dos Santos Martins R. Botucatu, 821 Vila Clementino — São Paulo (SP) — Brasil CEP 04023-062 Tel. (+55 21) 2571-2248 E-mail: thiagogsmartins@ 123456yahoo.com.br

Authors’ contributions: All authors actively contributed to discussion of the results from the study, and reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript to be released

Conflicts of interest: None

Article

DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0113.R1.0504221

PMC ID: 9632535

PubMed ID: 34378743

SO-VID: 0dbd655a-b3ea-4954-8176-011dd99eb529

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

History

Date received : 07 March 2021

Date revision received : 27 March 2021

Date accepted : 05 April 2021

Page count

Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 8

COVID 19 repercussions in ophthalmology: a narrative review

Read this article at

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

OBJECTIVES:

DESIGN AND SETTING:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSIONS:

Related collections

Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 55

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

Page count

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 935

Cited by 1

Most referenced authors 2,487