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      Type 2 immunity reflects orchestrated recruitment of cells committed to IL-4 production.

      Immunity
      Animals, Basophils, cytology, immunology, Cell Movement, Eosinophils, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Inflammation, Interleukin-4, biosynthesis, genetics, Luminescent Proteins, analysis, Lung, Male, Membrane Proteins, metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Mutant Strains, Models, Immunological, Nippostrongylus, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, STAT6 Transcription Factor, Strongylida Infections, Th2 Cells, Trans-Activators, physiology

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          Abstract

          Using IL-4 reporter mice we identified eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 cells as the three IL-4-producing cell types that appear in the lungs of mice infected with the migrating intestinal helminth, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Eosinophils were most prevalent, peaking by approximately 1000-fold on day 9 after infection, with Th2 cells and basophils at 3- and 10-fold lower numbers, respectively. Eosinophil and basophil expansion in blood in response to parasites and their capacity for IL-4 expression required neither Stat6 nor T cells. Th2 induction and expansion in draining lymph nodes was also Stat6 independent. In contrast, eosinophil (and Th2 cell) recruitment to the lung was dependent on Stat6 expression by a bone marrow-derived tissue resident cell, whereas basophil recruitment was Stat6 and IL-4/IL-13 independent but T cell dependent. Primary type 2 immune responses in the lung represent the focal recruitment and activation of discrete cell populations from the blood that have previously committed to express IL-4.

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