The Impact of Acute Mild Normobaric Hypoxia and a Single Bout of Exercise to Volitional Exhaustion on Cognitive Performance in Endurance and Strength-Trained Athletes: The role of BDNF, EP-1, Catecholamines and Lactate

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to examine whether a single bout of exercise to volitional exhaustion, performed under moderate normobaric hypoxia (H), would affect psychomotor performance (PP) in differently trained athletes. For this purpose, ten strength-trained (S) athletes, ten endurance-trained (E) athletes and ten healthy men leading a sedentary lifestyle as a control (C) group performed voluntarily two graded exercise tests until volitional exhaustion (EVE) under normoxia (N) and H (FiO ₂ = 14.7%). We measured the peripheral level of the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), choice reaction time (CRT) and the number of correct reactions (NCR) as indices of PP. Psychomotor tests were performed at rest, immediately after the EVE and 3 minutes after the EVE. Venous blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after cessation of each EVE, and 1 h after each EVE. The results showed that the EVE significantly (p < 0.05) impaired CRT under N and H, and NCR under H only in the E group. The higher WR _max in the E compared to the S and C groups was associated with a significant (p < 0.005) increase in adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA). There were no significant differences between conditions (N vs. H) in the BDNF at rest and after exercise. The EVE impaired cognitive function only in the E group; higher involvement of the sympathetic nervous system, A and NA may also play a role in this phenomenon. Therefore, it can be concluded that exposure to H did not have a negative impact on CRT or NCR. Moreover, BDNF did not improve cognitive function.

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Most cited references 67

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There is a substantial body of literature related to the effects of a single session of exercise on cognitive performance. The premise underlying this research is that physiological changes in response to exercise have implications for cognitive function. This literature has been reviewed both narratively and meta-analytically and, although the research findings are mixed, researchers have generally concluded that there is a small positive effect. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide an updated comprehensive analysis of the extant literature on acute exercise and cognitive performance and to explore the effects of moderators that have implications for mechanisms of the effects. Searches of electronic databases and examinations of reference lists from relevant studies resulted in 79 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Consistent with past findings, analyses indicated that the overall effect was positive and small (g=0.097 n=1034). Positive and small effects were also found in all three acute exercise paradigms: during exercise (g=0.101; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.041-0.160), immediately following exercise (g=0.108; 95% CI; 0.069-0.147), and after a delay (g=0.103; 95% CI; 0.035-0.170). Examination of potential moderators indicated that exercise duration, exercise intensity, type of cognitive performance assessed, and participant fitness were significant moderators. In conclusion, the effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance are generally small; however, larger effects are possible for particular cognitive outcomes and when specific exercise parameters are used. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Hum Kinet

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Hum Kinet

Journal ID (publisher-id): JHK

Title: Journal of Human Kinetics

Publisher: Termedia Publishing House

ISSN (Print): 1640-5544

ISSN (Electronic): 1899-7562

Publication date (Electronic): 15 July 2023

Publication date Collection: July 2023

Volume: 87

Pages: 77-93

Affiliations

[1 ]Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.

[2 ]Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.

[3 ]Department of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland.

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: zofia.piotrowicz@ 123456wp.pl

Article

Publisher ID: 168282

DOI: 10.5114/jhk/168282

PMC ID: 10407317

PubMed ID: 37559758

SO-VID: 0d3c325a-080c-427a-bdb8-9adb858e0d5e

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This license lets others distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation.

History

Date received : 07 February 2023

Date accepted : 05 April 2023

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