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      Call for Papers: Sex and Gender in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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      About Neurodegenerative Diseases: 1.9 Impact Factor I 5.9 CiteScore I 0.648 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Executive Function Is Independently Associated with Performances of Balance and Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults after Mild Stroke: Implications for Falls Prevention

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          Abstract

          Background: Stroke survivors have a high incidence of falls. Impaired executive-controlled processes are frequent in stroke survivors and are associated with falls in this population. Better understanding of the independent association between executive-controlled processes and physiological fall risk (i.e. performances of balance and mobility) could enhance future interventions that aim to prevent falls and to promote an independent lifestyle among stroke survivors. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 63 adults who suffered a mild stroke >1 year prior to the study, aged ≧50 years. Results: Cognitive flexibility was independently associated with performances of balance and mobility in community-dwelling older adults after mild stroke, after accounting for age, quadriceps strength of the paretic side and current physical activity level. Conclusions: Clinicians may need to consider cognitive function when assessing and treating impaired balance and mobility in community-dwelling older adults after mild stroke.

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          Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community.

          Mary Tinetti, Mark Speechley, Sandra F. Ginter (1988)
          To study risk factors for falling, we conducted a one-year prospective investigation, using a sample of 336 persons at least 75 years of age who were living in the community. All subjects underwent detailed clinical evaluation, including standardized measures of mental status, strength, reflexes, balance, and gait; in addition, we inspected their homes for environmental hazards. Falls and their circumstances were identified during bimonthly telephone calls. During one year of follow-up, 108 subjects (32 percent) fell at least once; 24 percent of those who fell had serious injuries and 6 percent had fractures. Predisposing factors for falls were identified in linear-logistic models. The adjusted odds ratio for sedative use was 28.3; for cognitive impairment, 5.0; for disability of the lower extremities, 3.8; for palmomental reflex, 3.0; for abnormalities of balance and gait, 1.9; and for foot problems, 1.8; the lower bounds of the 95 percent confidence intervals were 1 or more for all variables. The risk of falling increased linearly with the number of risk factors, from 8 percent with none to 78 percent with four or more risk factors (P less than 0.0001). About 10 percent of the falls occurred during acute illness, 5 percent during hazardous activity, and 44 percent in the presence of environmental hazards. We conclude that falls among older persons living in the community are common and that a simple clinical assessment can identify the elderly persons who are at the greatest risk of falling.
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            Executive functions and the frontal lobes: a conceptual view

            Michael P. Alexander, Donald T Stuss (2000)
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              Cognitive processes related to gait velocity: results from the Einstein Aging Study.

              Richard Lipton, Roee Holtzer, Joe Verghese … (2006)
              The authors examined the relationship between cognition and gait velocity, performed with and without interference, in elderly participants. Neuropsychological test scores from 186 cognitively normal elders were submitted to factor analysis that yielded 3 factors: Verbal IQ, Speed/Executive Attention, and Memory. Regression analyses revealed that these factors were significant predictors of variance in gait velocity, but the relationship varied as a function of task condition. All 3 factors predicted gait velocity without interference. However, the Speed/Executive Attention and Memory factors but not Verbal IQ predicted gait velocity in the interference condition. These findings suggest that gait velocity and cognitive function may have both shared and independent brain substrates. Future studies should explore gait velocity and cognitive function as predictors of dementia and falls.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CED
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cerebrovasc Dis
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1015-9770
                Title: Cerebrovascular Diseases
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 1015-9770
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9786
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2007
                Publication date (Print): February 2007
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 December 2006
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 2-3
                Pages: 203-210
                Affiliations
                aUBC Bone Health Research Group: Center for Hip Health, BC Women’s Hospital and Health Center Osteoporosis Program, Faculty of Medicine, bDepartment of Psychology and cSchool of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, and dRehabilitation Research Laboratory, GF Strong Rehabilitation Center, Vancouver, and eSchool of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; fDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 97642 Other ID: Cerebrovasc Dis 2007;23:203–210
                DOI: 10.1159/000097642
                PubMed ID: 17143004
                SO-VID: 0cab6994-546a-4e55-8df8-58c06e5e6306
                Copyright © © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 19 July 2006
                Date accepted : 11 September 2006
                Page count
                Tables: 4, References: 58, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health
                Keywords: Executive function,Mobility,Balance,Mild stroke,Older adults
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine, Neurology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Neurosciences, Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry, Public health
                Keywords: Executive function, Mobility, Balance, Mild stroke, Older adults

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