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      Tipologia da estrutura das unidades básicas de saúde brasileiras: os 5 R Translated title: Tipología de la estructura de las unidades básicas de salud brasileñas: las 5 R Translated title: Structural typology of Brazilian primary healthcare units: the 5 Rs

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          Abstract

          A tipologia da estrutura das 38.812 unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) brasileiras foi elaborada com base nos resultados do censo do ciclo 1 do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. Tipo de equipe, elenco de profissionais, turnos de funcionamento, serviços disponíveis e instalações e insumos foram as subdimensões utilizadas. Para cada subdimensão foi definido padrão de referência e calculado escore padronizado, sendo 1 o melhor. O escore final foi calculado baseando-se na análise fatorial. O escore médio final das UBS brasileiras foi de 0,732. A subdimensão com o pior escore foi “instalações e insumos” e a com o melhor, “turnos de funcionamento”. As unidades foram agrupadas de acordo com o seu escore final, em cinco grupos, da melhor para a pior situação: A, B, C, D, E. Apenas 4,8% das UBS brasileiras atingiram o escore máximo. A tipologia evidencia características e padrão de distribuição regional específicos: unidades D e/ou E respondem por quase um terço das unidades da Região Norte, e dois terços das unidades A estão situados no Sul e Sudeste. Com base na tipologia, as UBS foram denominadas em função de suas condições de estrutura e possíveis estratégias de intervenção em: reprovada, rudimentar, restrita, regular e referência. A carência de equipamentos e insumos observada em todas as UBS, com exceção das do tipo A, restringe o escopo de ações e a resolutividade das UBS, limitando a sua capacidade de resposta aos problemas de saúde. A tipologia aqui apresentada pode ser um instrumento para o acompanhamento da qualidade da estrutura das UBS no país, temporal e espacialmente.

          Translated abstract

          La tipología de la estructura de las 38.812 unidades básicas de salud (UBS) brasileñas se elaboró en base a los resultados del censo del ciclo 1 del Programa Nacional de Mejora del Acceso y de la Calidad de la Atención Básica: tipo de equipo; elenco de profesionales; turnos de funcionamiento; servicios disponibles e instalaciones e insumos fueron las subdimensiones utilizadas. Para cada subdimensión se definió un patrón de referencia y se calculó un marcador padronizado, siendo 1 el mejor. El marcador final se calculó basándose en el análisis factorial. El marcador medio final de las UBS brasileñas fue 0,732. La subdimensión con el peor marcador fue “instalaciones e insumos” y la que tuvo el mejor, “turnos de funcionamiento”. Las unidades fueron agrupadas de acuerdo con su marcador final, en 5 grupos, de la mejor a la peor situación: A, B, C, D, E. Solamente un 4,8% de las UBS brasileñas alcanzaron el marcador máximo. La tipología evidencia características y un patrón de distribución regional específicos: unidades D y/o E responden a casi un tercio de las unidades de la Región Norte, y dos tercios de las unidades A están situados en el Sur y Sudeste. En base a la tipología, las UBS fueron denominadas en función de sus condiciones de estructura y posibles estrategias de intervención en: reprobada, rudimentaria, restringida, regular y referencia. La carencia de equipamientos e insumos observada en todas las UBS, con excepción de las del Tipo A, restringe el alcance de acciones y la resolutividad de las UBS, limitando a su capacidad de respuesta a los problemas de salud. La tipología aquí presentada puede ser un instrumento para el seguimiento de la calidad de la estructura de las UBS en el país, temporal y espacialmente.

          Translated abstract

          The structural typology of Brazil’s 38,812 primary healthcare units (UBS) was elaborated on the basis of the results from a survey in cycle 1 of the National Program for Improvement in Access and Quality of Primary Care. Type of team, range of professionals, shifts open to the public, available services, and installations and inputs were the sub-dimensions used. For each sub-dimension, a reference standard was defined and a standardized score was calculated, with 1 as the best. The final score was calculated by factor analysis. The final mean score of Brazilian UBS was 0.732. The sub-dimension with the worst score was “installations and inputs” and the best was “shifts open to the public”. The primary healthcare units were classified according to their final score in five groups, from best to worst: A, B, C, D, and E. Only 4.8% of the Brazilian UBS attained the maximum score. The typology showed specific characteristics and a regional distribution pattern: units D and/or E accounted for nearly one-third of the units in the North, and two-thirds of units A were situated in the South and Southeast of Brazil. Based on the typology, primary healthcare units were classified according to their infrastructure conditions and possible strategies for intervention, as follows: failed, rudimentary, limited, fair, and reference (benchmark). The lack of equipment and inputs in all the units except for type A limits their scope of action and case-resolution capacity, thus restricting their ability to respond to health problems. The typology presented here can be a useful tool for temporal and spatial monitoring of the quality of infrastructure in UBS in Brazil.

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          The breadth of primary care: a systematic literature review of its core dimensions

          Background Even though there is general agreement that primary care is the linchpin of effective health care delivery, to date no efforts have been made to systematically review the scientific evidence supporting this supposition. The aim of this study was to examine the breadth of primary care by identifying its core dimensions and to assess the evidence for their interrelations and their relevance to outcomes at (primary) health system level. Methods A systematic review of the primary care literature was carried out, restricted to English language journals reporting original research or systematic reviews. Studies published between 2003 and July 2008 were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, King's Fund Database, IDEAS Database, and EconLit. Results Eighty-five studies were identified. This review was able to provide insight in the complexity of primary care as a multidimensional system, by identifying ten core dimensions that constitute a primary care system. The structure of a primary care system consists of three dimensions: 1. governance; 2. economic conditions; and 3. workforce development. The primary care process is determined by four dimensions: 4. access; 5. continuity of care; 6. coordination of care; and 7. comprehensiveness of care. The outcome of a primary care system includes three dimensions: 8. quality of care; 9. efficiency care; and 10. equity in health. There is a considerable evidence base showing that primary care contributes through its dimensions to overall health system performance and health. Conclusions A primary care system can be defined and approached as a multidimensional system contributing to overall health system performance and health.
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            Impact of the family health program on infant mortality in Brazilian municipalities.

            We evaluated the effects of the Family Health Program (FHP), a strategy for reorganization of primary health care at a nationwide level in Brazil, on infant mortality at a municipality level. We collected data on FHP coverage and infant mortality rates for 771 of 5561 Brazilian municipalities from 1996 to 2004. We performed a multivariable regression analysis for panel data with a negative binomial response by using fixed-effects models that controlled for demographic, social, and economic variables. We observed a statistically significant negative association between FHP coverage and infant mortality rate. After we controlled for potential confounders, the reduction in the infant mortality rate was 13.0%, 16.0%, and 22.0%, respectively for the 3 levels of FHP coverage. The effect of the FHP was greater in municipalities with a higher infant mortality rate and lower human development index at the beginning of the study period. The FHP had an important effect on reducing the infant mortality rate in Brazilian municipalities from 1996 to 2004. The FHP may also contribute toward reducing health inequalities.
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              O Programa de Saúde da Família e a construção de um novo modelo para a atenção básica no Brasil

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                2017
                : 33
                : 7
                : e00037316
                Affiliations
                [4] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Brazil
                [1] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Saúde Publica Brazil
                [3] São Paulo orgnameDepartamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos Brasil
                [2] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2017000805005 S0102-311X(17)03300805005
                10.1590/0102-311x00037316
                28832772
                099d49b9-530e-4763-8d3f-4ddd344f6b06

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 March 2016
                : 14 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 0
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                Atención Primaria de Salud,Centros de Salud,Evaluación de Servicios de Salud,Atenção Primária à Saúde,Centros de Saúde,Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde,Primary Health Care,Health Centers,Health Services Evaluation

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