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      Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Sevoflurane in the Crested Serpent Eagle ( Spilornis cheela hoya): Minimum Anesthetic Concentration, Physiological Effects, Hematocrit, Plasma Chemistry and Behavioral Effects

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          ABSTRACT

          The initial goal of this study was to determine the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) for isoflurane (ISO) and sevoflurane (SEVO) for the crested serpent eagle. Next, we compared the anesthetic effects of each on the physiological effects, hematocrit, plasma chemistry values and behavior in spontaneously breathing captive adult crested serpent eagles. Sixteen eagles were randomly allocated to two groups for anesthesia with ISO (n=8) or SEVO (n=8). First, we measured the MAC values of ISO and SEVO, and four weeks later, we investigated the effect of each on the physiological effects, hematocrit (HCT) and plasma chemistry values. The MAC values of ISO and SEVO for crested serpent eagles were 1.46 ± 0.30 and 2.03 ± 0.32%, respectively. The results revealed no significant differences between the two anesthetics in induction time, while time of extubation to recovery was significantly shorter with SEVO. A time-related increase in end-tidal CO 2 and decreases in body temperature and respiratory rates were observed during anesthesia with each anesthetic. There were no significant differences between the effect of the two anesthetics on heart rate, hematocrit, plasma chemistry values or respiration, although each caused minor respiration depression. We concluded that SEVO is a more effective inhalant agent than ISO for use in eagles, showing the most rapidest induction and recovery from anesthesia.

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          Determination and applications of MAC.

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            Differential effects of propofol and isoflurane on glucose utilization and insulin secretion.

            Volatile anesthetics, such as isoflurane, reverse glucose-induced inhibition of pancreatic adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel activity, resulting in reduced insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance. No previous studies have investigated the effects of intravenous anesthetics, such as propofol, on pancreatic K(ATP) channels. We investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of isoflurane and propofol on pancreatic K(ATP) channels and insulin secretion. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were performed on male rabbits. Pancreatic islets were isolated from male rats and used for a perifusion study, measurement of intracellular ATP concentration ([ATP](i)), and patch clamp experiments. Glucose stimulus significantly increased insulin secretion during propofol anesthesia, but not isoflurane anesthesia, in IVGTT study. In perifusion experiments, both islets exposed to propofol and control islets not exposed to anesthetic had a biphasic insulin secretory response to a high dose of glucose. However, isoflurane markedly inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion. In a patch clamp study, the relationship between ATP concentration and channel activity could be fitted by the Hill equation with a half-maximal inhibition of 22.4, 15.8, and 218.8 μM in the absence of anesthetic, and with propofol, and isoflurane, respectively. [ATP](i) and single K(ATP) channel conductance did not differ in islets exposed to isoflurane or propofol. Our results indicate that isoflurane, but not propofol, decreases the ATP sensitivity of K(ATP) channels and impairs glucose-stimulated insulin release. These differential actions of isoflurane and propofol on ATP sensitivity may explain the differential effects of isoflurane and propofol on insulin release. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Influence of desflurane, isoflurane and halothane on regional tissue perfusion in dogs.

              The actions of desflurane, isoflurane and halothane on regional tissue perfusion were studied using radioactive microspheres in dogs chronically instrumented for measurement of arterial and left ventricular pressure, global (left ventricular dP/dtmax) and regional (percent segment shortening) contractile function, and diastolic coronary blood flow velocity. Systemic and coronary haemodynamics and regional tissue perfusion were measured in the conscious state and during anaesthesia with equihypotensive concentrations of desflurane, isoflurane, and halothane. All three volatile anaesthetics (P < 0.05) increased heart rate and decreased mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, and left ventricular dP/dtmax Myocardial perfusion was unchanged in subendocardial midmyocardial, and subepicardial regions by the administration of either dose of desflurane. No redistribution of intramyocardial blood flow (endo/epi ratio) was observed during desflurane anaesthesia. Although regional myocardial perfusion was reduced (P < 0.05) in a dose-related fashion by halothane and by isoflurane at high concentrations, redistribution of intramyocardial blood flow was not observed during halothane or isoflurane anaesthesia. All three volatile anaesthetics reduced blood flow to the renal cortex, but only desflurane produced a decrease in renal cortical vascular resistance. Hepatic blood flow decreased in response to halothane but not desflurane or isoflurane. Concomitant decreases in hepatic resistance were observed during administration of desflurane and isoflurane. Dose-related decreases in intestinal and skeletal muscle blood flow were observed during halothane and isoflurane but not desflurane anaesthesia. The results suggest that desflurane maintains myocardial, hepatic, intestinal, and skeletal muscle blood flow while halothane and isoflurane decrease regional tissue perfusion in these vascular beds to varying degrees during systemic hypotension in the chronically instrumented dog.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Vet Med Sci
                J. Vet. Med. Sci
                JVMS
                The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
                The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
                0916-7250
                1347-7439
                13 August 2013
                December 2013
                : 75
                : 12
                : 1591-1600
                Affiliations
                [1) ]Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan 402, R.O.C.
                [2) ]Division of Zoology, Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 1 Ming-Sheng E. Road, Chichi, Nantou, Taiwan 552, R.O.C.
                [3) ]Division of Residual Control, Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substance Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 11 Guangming Road, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan 413, R.O.C.
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Hsu, T.-H., Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan 402, R.O.C. e-mail: thhsu@ 123456dragon.nchu.edu.tw
                Article
                13-0161
                10.1292/jvms.13-0161
                3942950
                23955396
                08ec35f5-185a-4453-837e-a7b0f4535bba
                ©2013 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License.

                History
                : 25 March 2013
                : 30 July 2013
                Categories
                Full Paper
                Wildlife Science

                crested serpent eagle,isoflurane,minimum anesthetic concentration,sevoflurane

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