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      Características epidemiológicas de la neumonía intrahospitalaria en un servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen de Lima, Perú Translated title: Epidemiological features of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia in an Internal Medicine Service from Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen Hospital in Lima, Peru

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con neumonía intrahospitalaria (NIH) en un servicio de medicina interna. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo; llevado a cabo en el servicio de medicina interna Nº 5 del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI) durante el año 2015. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de 15 años con el diagnóstico de egreso de NIH que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Resultados: Se evaluaron 26 historias clínicas de pacientes. La incidencia de NIH fue de 2.37% y la mortalidad de 73.03%. La edad promedio fue de 58.69 ± 12.49 años. El 42.31% de pacientes tuvieron más de 80 años. La NIH fue predominante en el género masculino 65.38%. Se obtuvo una estancia hospitalaria promedio de 62.53 días y 12 pacientes 46.15% estuvieron más de 60 días hospitalizados. Entre los factores intrínsecos asociados, la enfermedad cerebrovascular fue la comorbilidad más frecuente con 26.92%; seguido de la enfermedad neoplásica con 23.07%. Los factores extrínsecos asociados más frecuentes fueron el uso de sonda nasogástrica y la profilaxis de úlceras de stress con 84.61% cada uno, la intubación endotraqueal 53.84% y la ventilación mecánica 50%. Los microorganismos aislados fueron Acinetobacter baumannii 15.38%, Pseudomona aeruginosa 11.53% y Staphilococcus aureus (3.84%). Conclusiones: Se encontró una alta mortalidad en los pacientes con NIH en el servicio de medicina interna. La edad avanzada, las comorbilidades tales como enfermedad cerebrovascular, la enfermedad neoplásica, el uso de sonda nasogástrica y de inhibidores de la secreción gástrica son factores mayormente encontrados en NIH

          Translated abstract

          Objetive: To determine the epidemiological features in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in an Internal Medicine Service. Material and methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was carried out in Internal Medicine Service Nº5 from Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital in 2015. Medical records of patients older than 15 years old were reviewed with the discharged diagnosis of HAP who meet the selection criteria. Results: Twenty six medical records were evaluated. The incidence rate of HAP was 2.37% and the mortality rate was 73.03%. The average age was 58.69 ± 12.49 years old. Patients older than 80 years old meant 42.31% of all of them. HAP was more frequent in male patients (65.38%). The average hospital stay was 62.53 days and 12 patients (46.15%) had more than sixty days of hospitalization. Among the intrinsic associated factors, the cerebrovascular disease was the most frequent illness, followed by the neoplastic disease with 23.07%. The most frequent extrinsic associated factors were the use of nasogastric tube and the stress ulcers prophylaxis with 84.61% each other, the endotracheal intubation with 53.84% and the mechanical ventilation with 50%. The isolated microorganisms were Acinetobacter baumannii (15.38%), Pseudomona aeruginosa (11.53%) and Staphilococcus aureus (3.84%). Conclusions: A high mortality rate was found in patients with HAP. Advanced age, comorbidities like cerebrovascular and neoplastic disease and the use of nasogastric tube and gastric secretor inhibitors were factors mostly found in HAP

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          Most cited references21

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          Predictors of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients: A Multi-center Observational Study

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            A descriptive study of nasogastric tube feeding among geriatric inpatients in Malaysia: utilization, complications, and caregiver opinions.

            The strong emphasis on feeding in Asian cultures may influence decisions for nasogastric (NG) tube feeding in geriatric inpatients. We evaluated the utility, complications, and opinions of caregivers toward NG tube feeding in an acute geriatric ward in a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Consecutive patients aged 65 years and older receiving NG tube feeding were included. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory indices were recorded. Opinion on NG tube feeding were evaluated through face-to-face interviews with caregivers, recruited through convenience sampling. Of 432 patients admitted, 96 (22%), age ± standard deviation = 80.8 ± 7.4 years, received NG tube feeding. The complication and mortality rates were 69% and 38%, respectively. Diabetes (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 3.34 [1.07, 10.44], aspiration pneumonia (8.15 [2.43, 27.24]), impaired consciousness (3.13 [1.05, 9.36]), and albumin ≤26 g/dl (4.43 [1.46, 13.44]) were independent predictors of mortality. Other relatives were more likely than spouses (23.5 [3.59, 154.2]) and caregivers with tertiary education more likely than those with no formal education ( 18 [1.23, 262.7]) to agree to NG feeding. Sixty-four percent of caregivers felt NG tube feeding was appropriate at the end of life, mostly due to the fear of starvation. NG tube feeding is widely used in our setting, despite high complication and mortality rates, with likely influences from cultural emphasis on feeding.
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              Neumonía nosocomial

              The hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is one of the most common infections acquired among hospitalised patients. Within the HAP, the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection complication among patients with acute respiratory failure. The VAP and HAP are associated with increased mortality and increased hospital costs. The rise in HAP due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria also causes an increase in the incidence of inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy, with an associated increased risk of hospital mortality. It is very important to know the most common organisms responsible for these infections in each hospital and each Intensive Care Unit, as well as their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, in order to reduce the incidence of inappropriate antibiotic therapy and improve the prognosis of patients. Additionally, clinical strategies aimed at the prevention of HAP and VAP should be employed in hospital settings caring for patients at risk for these infections.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                hm
                Horizonte Médico
                Horiz. Med.
                Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Facultad de Medicina Humana
                1727-558X
                July 2016
                : 16
                : 3
                : 43-49
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen
                [2 ] Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen
                [3 ] Universidad San Martín de Porres
                [4 ] Universidad San Martín de Porres
                Article
                S1727-558X2016000300007
                086caf2d-728a-4d6e-941f-5b43e4a21594

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Categories
                HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
                PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

                Health & Social care,Public health
                neumonía intrahospitalaria,características epidemiológicas,factores asociados,estancia hospitalaria,hospital-acquired pneumonia,epidemiological features,associated factors,hospital stay

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