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      Combined ureterorenoscopy and shockwave lithotripsy for large renal stone burden: an alternative to percutaneous nephrolithotomy?

      Journal of endourology / Endourological Society
      Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Care, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Kidney Calculi, therapy, Lithotripsy, Laser, methods, Male, Middle Aged, Nephrostomy, Percutaneous, Patient Selection, Retreatment, Treatment Outcome, Ureteroscopy

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          Abstract

          To investigate the feasibility and initial outcomes of a combination of ureterorenoscopy (URS) using holmium laser lithotripsy and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in a single outpatient session for the treatment of large renal stone burdens in patients refusing or unsuitable for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Fourteen patients with a mean age of 52.7 years (range 34-81 years) having a mean stone burden of 847 mm2 (range 58 mm2-1850 mm2) were treated with combined URS laser lithotripsy and SWL as an alternative to PCNL. The SWL (mean 2800 shockwaves) was performed using the Storz Modulith SL-X, and flexible URS with holmium laser lithotripsy was performed either during or following SWL. Ninety-three percent of the patients (13/14) were treated successfully on an outpatient basis. Two patients were rendered stone free after the initial procedure alone (14%). Overall, including secondary outpatient treatment with a second session of URS alone (N = 7) URS and SWL (N = 1), SWL (N = 1), or oral alkalinization therapy (N = 1), the stone-free rate was 76.9% (10/13). One patient was excluded secondary to death from unrelated causes after the initial procedure, and the success rate (residual fragments <4 mm) was 84.6% (11/13). The two treatment failures included one patient who required a third URS procedure and one patient who developed urosepsis necessitating nephrostomy-tube placement who underwent subsequent PCNL. In comparison with traditional approaches using PCNL and second-look nephroscopy, single-session combined URS and SWL with a second outpatient procedure may offer equivalent results with decreased morbidity in carefully selected patients.

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