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      The CCR5Δ32 (rs333) polymorphism is not a predisposing factor for severe pandemic influenza in the Brazilian admixed population

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          Abstract

          Background

          Recent studies have tried to identify host genetic variants that could explain severe cases and deaths in infection with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, especially among children and young adults. CCR5 is a chemokine receptor expressed on T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, which is an important mediator of leukocyte chemotaxis during the immune response. A deletion mutation (Δ32) in this gene interferes with the response of immune cells, impairing viral clearance. We evaluated the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism (rs333) in individuals of the Brazilian admixed population with a diagnosis of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.

          Methods

          A total of 330 subjects with a diagnosis of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, evaluated at health services in the northern and northeastern regions of Brazil between June 2009 and August 2010, were genotyped for the Δ32 deletion (rs333). The cases were classified according to the progression of infection into a group of hospitalized patients (n = 156) and a group of non-hospitalized patients (n = 174).

          Results

          No significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies of the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism were observed between non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients (p = 0.289 and p = 0.431, respectively).

          Conclusion

          The Δ32 deletion in the CCR5 gene is not associated with an unfavorable outcome in patients infected with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in the Brazilian admixed population.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1299-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references17

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          Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus.

          Gabriele Neumann, Takeshi Noda, Yoshihiro Kawaoka (2009)
          Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that have claimed the lives of millions. The emergence of new strains will continue to pose challenges to public health and the scientific communities. A prime example is the recent emergence of swine-origin H1N1 viruses that have transmitted to and spread among humans, resulting in outbreaks internationally. Efforts to control these outbreaks and real-time monitoring of the evolution of this virus should provide us with invaluable information to direct infectious disease control programmes and to improve understanding of the factors that determine viral pathogenicity and/or transmissibility.
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            Swine influenza A (H1N1) infection in two children--Southern California, March-April 2009.

            (2009)
            On April 17, 2009, CDC determined that two cases of febrile respiratory illness occurring in children who resided in adjacent counties in southern California were caused by infection with a swine influenza A (H1N1) virus. The viruses from the two cases are closely related genetically, resistant to amantadine and rimantadine, and contain a unique combination of gene segments that previously has not been reported among swine or human influenza viruses in the United States or elsewhere. Neither child had contact with pigs; the source of the infection is unknown. Investigations to identify the source of infection and to determine whether additional persons have been ill from infection with similar swine influenza viruses are ongoing. This report briefly describes the two cases and the investigations currently under way. Although this is not a new subtype of influenza A in humans, concern exists that this new strain of swine influenza A (H1N1) is substantially different from human influenza A (H1N1) viruses, that a large proportion of the population might be susceptible to infection, and that the seasonal influenza vaccine H1N1 strain might not provide protection. The lack of known exposure to pigs in the two cases increases the possibility that human-to-human transmission of this new influenza virus has occurred. Clinicians should consider animal as well as seasonal influenza virus infections in their differential diagnosis of patients who have febrile respiratory illness and who 1) live in San Diego and Imperial counties or 2) traveled to these counties or were in contact with ill persons from these counties in the 7 days preceding their illness onset, or 3) had recent exposure to pigs. Clinicians who suspect swine influenza virus infections in a patient should obtain a respiratory specimen and contact their state or local health department to facilitate testing at a state public health laboratory.
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              Assessing individual interethnic admixture and population substructure using a 48-insertion-deletion (INSEL) ancestry-informative marker (AIM) panel.

              Ney P C Santos, Elzemar Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Andrea K C Ribeiro-dos-Santos … (2010)
              Estimating the proportions of different ancestries in admixed populations is very important in population genetics studies, and it is particularly important for detecting population substructure effects in case-control association studies. In this work, a set of 48 ancestry-informative insertion-deletion polymorphisms (INDELs) were selected with the goal of efficiently measuring the proportions of three different ancestries (sub-Saharan African, European, and Native American) in mixed populations. All selected markers can be easily analyzed via multiplex PCR and detected with standard capillary electrophoresis. A total of 593 unrelated individuals representative of European, African, and Native American parental populations were typed, as were 380 individuals from three Brazilian populations with known admixture patterns. As expected, the interethnic admixture estimates show that individuals from southern Brazil present an almost exclusively European ancestry; Afro-descendant communities in the Amazon region, apart from the major African contribution, present some degree of admixture with Europeans and Native Americans; and a sample from Belém, in the northeastern Amazon, shows a significant contribution of the three ethnic groups, although with a greater European proportion. In summary, a panel of ancestry-informative INDELs was optimized and proven to be a valuable tool for estimating individual and global ancestry proportions in admixed populations. The ability to accurately infer interethnic admixtures highlights the usefulness of this marker set for assessing population substructure in association studies, particularly those conducted in Brazilian and other Latin American populations sharing trihybrid ancestry patterns.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Alvino Maestri: alvimaestri@hotmail.com
                Mirleide Cordeiro dos Santos: mirleidesantos@iec.pa.gov.br
                Elzemar M Ribeiro-Rodrigues: elze_mar@yahoo.com.br
                Wyller Alencar de Mello: wyllermello@iec.pa.gov.br
                Rita Catarina Medeiros Sousa: ritasousa@iec.pa.gov.br
                Sidney Emanuel dos Santos: sidneysantos@ufpa.br
                Vinicius Albuquerque Sortica: vsortica@hotmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Res Notes
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Res Notes
                Title: BMC Research Notes
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1756-0500
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 July 2015
                Publication date PMC-release: 30 July 2015
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Volume: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 326
                Affiliations
                [ ]Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Cidade Universitária Prof. José da Silveira Neto, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, BOX: 8615, Belém, Pará CEP: 66.075-970 Brazil
                [ ]Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará Brazil
                [ ]Tropical Medicine Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará Brazil
                [ ]Center of Cancer Research, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1299
                DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1299-1
                PMC ID: 4520097
                PubMed ID: 26223981
                SO-VID: 039ded6e-2112-4ebc-bf18-537818eb3326
                Copyright © © Maestri et al. 2015
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 13 January 2015
                Date accepted : 22 July 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2015

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: a(h1n1)pdm09 infection,influenza,ccr5δ32
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: a(h1n1)pdm09 infection, influenza, ccr5δ32

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