Cortinarius hesleri (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Cortinariaceae), primer registro para México  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Cortinarius hesleri (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Cortinariaceae), first record for Mexico </span>

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Abstract

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Cortinarius está constituido por hongos ectomicorrícicos caracterizados por un velo parcial a modo de “cortina” aracnoide, esporada, color marrón óxido a marrón anaranjado ocráceo y basidiosporas rugosas, arrugadas o verrugosas y sin poro apical. Cortinarius hesleri se ubica en el subgénero Telamonia; se reconoce principalmente por sus basidiomas de colores que abarcan desde los tonos rojos a los anaranjados. Se encuentra distribuida en Norteamérica en Canadá y los Estados Unidos de América. Los inventarios fúngicos facilitan el reconocimiento de especies para una determinada área geográfica. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar a C. hesleri como primer registro para México. Métodos: Se recolectaron especímenes en los bosques de Quercus del municipio Victoria en el estado de Tamaulipas, México. Se elaboró una descripción macro y micromorfólogica de la especie, se tomaron fotografías macroscópicas in situ y fotografías e ilustraciones de las estructuras microscópicas, para su posterior análisis e identificación taxonómica mediante la literatura especializada correspondiente. Los ejemplares estudiados se depositaron en el herbario micológico José Castillo Tovar del Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria. Resultados clave: Los especímenes estudiados cumplen con las características de la descripción original de la especie, así mismo con las del hábitat al que está asociado y en el cual se distribuye. Cortinarius hesleri es descrita por primera vez para México. Se caracteriza por sus basidiomas de color anaranjado, esporas ornamentadas y elipsoides de (7-)8-10(-12) × (5-)5.5-7 µm y por su asociación con especies vegetales del bosque mixto de Quercus-Pinus. Conclusiones: Cortinarius hesleri se encuentra distribuido ampliamente desde la parte norte y este de Estados Unidos de América, alcanzando su distribución más meridional actualmente conocida en el estado de Tamaulipas en México. Por su potencial asociación ectomicorrícica con especies forestales de los géneros Quercus, Pinus y Carya, C. hesleri pudiera encontrarse distribuido junto a estas especies de plantas en otros sitios del noreste y la parte oriental hacia el sur de México.

Translated abstract

Abstract: Background and Aims: The genus Cortinarius consists of ectomycorrhizal fungi, characterized by a partial veil, forming an arachnoid "curtain", spore print rust brown to orange-orange brown, and basidiospores rough, wrinkled or warty and without apical pore. Cortinarius hesleri is placed in the subgenus Telamonia, and can be recognized mainly by its basidiomas with colors from red to orange tones. Fungal inventories facilitate the recognition of species for a specific geographic area. The aim of this work is to present C. hesleri as a first record for Mexico. Methods: The specimens were collected in Quercus forests from the municipality of Victoria, in the state of Tamaulipas. A macro- and micromorphological description of the species was prepared, as well as plates with macroscopic photographs in situ and photographs and illustrations of the microscopic structures, for subsequent analysis and taxonomic identification with the corresponding specialized literature. The studied specimens were deposited in the mycological herbarium José Castillo Tovar from the Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria. Key results: The studied specimens meet the characteristics of the original description of the species, as well as those of the habitat to which it is associated and in which it is distributed. Cortinarius hesleri is described for the first time for Mexico. This species is characterized by its orange basidiomata, ornate ellipsoid spores of (7-)8-10(-12) × (5-)5.5-7 µm and its association with plant species from the Quercus-Pinus mixed forest. Conclusions: Cortinarius hesleri is widely distributed from the northern and eastern part of the United States of America, reaching its southernmost distribution known so far in the state of Tamaulipas, in Mexico. Due to its potential ectomycorrhizal association with forest species of the genera Quercus, Pinus and Carya, C. hesleri could be found distributed with these plant species in other sites in the northeast and the eastern part of Mexico.

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Most cited references 34

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Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages.

Earl W. May, Wilson K. Smith, Leho Tedersoo (2010)

The ectomycorrhizal (EcM) symbiosis involves a large number of plant and fungal taxa worldwide. During studies on EcM diversity, numerous misidentifications, and contradictory reports on EcM status have been published. This review aims to: (1) critically assess the current knowledge of the fungi involved in the EcM by integrating data from axenic synthesis trials, anatomical, molecular, and isotope studies; (2) group these taxa into monophyletic lineages based on molecular sequence data and published phylogenies; (3) investigate the trophic status of sister taxa to EcM lineages; (4) highlight other potentially EcM taxa that lack both information on EcM status and DNA sequence data; (5) recover the main distribution patterns of the EcM fungal lineages in the world. Based on critically examining original reports, EcM lifestyle is proven in 162 fungal genera that are supplemented by two genera based on isotopic evidence and 52 genera based on phylogenetic data. Additionally, 33 genera are highlighted as potentially EcM based on habitat, although their EcM records and DNA sequence data are lacking. Molecular phylogenetic and identification studies suggest that EcM symbiosis has arisen independently and persisted at least 66 times in fungi, in the Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Zygomycota. The orders Pezizales, Agaricales, Helotiales, Boletales, and Cantharellales include the largest number of EcM fungal lineages. Regular updates of the EcM lineages and genera therein can be found at the UNITE homepage http://unite.ut.ee/EcM_lineages . The vast majority of EcM fungi evolved from humus and wood saprotrophic ancestors without any obvious reversals. Herbarium records from 11 major biogeographic regions revealed three main patterns in distribution of EcM lineages: (1) Austral; (2) Panglobal; (3) Holarctic (with or without some reports from the Austral or tropical realms). The holarctic regions host the largest number of EcM lineages; none are restricted to a tropical distribution with Dipterocarpaceae and Caesalpiniaceae hosts. We caution that EcM-dominated habitats and hosts in South America, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Australia remain undersampled relative to the north temperate regions. In conclusion, EcM fungi are phylogenetically highly diverse, and molecular surveys particularly in tropical and south temperate habitats are likely to supplement to the present figures. Due to great risk of contamination, future reports on EcM status of previously unstudied taxa should integrate molecular identification tools with axenic synthesis experiments, detailed morphological descriptions, and/or stable isotope investigations. We believe that the introduced lineage concept facilitates design of biogeographical studies and improves our understanding about phylogenetic structure of EcM fungal communities.