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      Recent advances in drug delivery systems for targeting cancer stem cells

      review-article
      a , b , a , b , a , b , a , b ,
      Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B
      Elsevier
      Cancer stem cells, Targeting strategies, Drug delivery systems, Cancer treatment, Niche, Biomarker, Cellular level, Molecular level, ABC, ATP binding cassette, AFN, apoferritin, ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase, BM-MSCs-derived Exos, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes, CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts, CL-siSOX2, cationic lipoplex of SOX2 small interfering RNA, CMP, carbonate-mannose modified PEI, CQ, chloroquine, cRGD, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp, CSCs, cancer stem cells, DDSs, drug delivery systems, DCLK1, doublecortin-like kinase 1, Dex, dexamethasone, DLE, drug loading efficiency, DOX, doxorubicin, DQA-PEG2000-DSPE, dequlinium and carboxyl polyethylene glycol-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, ECM, extracellular matrix, EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, EPND, nanodiamond-Epirubicin drug complex, GEMP, gemcitabine monophosphate, Glu, glucose, GLUT1, glucose ligand to the glucose transporter 1, HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma, HH, Hedgehog, HIF1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, IONP, iron oxide nanoparticle, iTEP, immune-tolerant, elastin-like polypeptide, LAC, lung adenocarcinoma, LNCs, lipid nanocapsules, mAbs, monoclonal antibodies, MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase, MB, methylene blue, MDR, multidrug resistance, MNP, micellar nanoparticle, mPEG-b-PCC-g-GEM-g-DC-g-CAT, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylenecarbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-cationic ligands) , MSNs, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, Nav, navitoclax, ncRNA, non-coding RNAs, NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B, PBAEs, poly(β-aminoester), PDT, photodynamic therapy, PEG-b-PLA, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactide), PEG-PCD, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylene carbonate-graft-dodecanol), PEG-PLA, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide), PLGA, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), PTX, paclitaxel, PU-PEI, polyurethane-short branch-polyethylenimine, Sali-ABA, 4-(aminomethyl) benzaldehyde-modified Sali, SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles, SSCs, somatic stem cells, TNBC, triple negative breast cancer, TPZ, tirapazamine, uPAR, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor

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          Abstract

          Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with functions similar to those of normal stem cells. Although few in number, they are capable of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and multi-directional differentiation potential. In addition, CSCs have the ability to escape immune surveillance. Thus, they play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and they are closely related to tumor invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence after treatment. Therefore, specific targeting of CSCs may improve the efficiency of cancer therapy. A series of corresponding promising therapeutic strategies based on CSC targeting, such as the targeting of CSC niche, CSC signaling pathways, and CSC mitochondria, are currently under development. Given the rapid progression in this field and nanotechnology, drug delivery systems (DDSs) for CSC targeting are increasingly being developed. In this review, we summarize the advances in CSC-targeted DDSs. Furthermore, we highlight the latest developmental trends through the main line of CSC occurrence and development process; some considerations about the rationale, advantages, and limitations of different DDSs for CSC-targeted therapies were discussed.

          Graphical abstract

          Emerging CSCs-targeted drug delivery systems for efficient cancer therapy following the main line of CSCs occurrence and development process from the whole to the part and from the outside to the inside.

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          Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells.

          Stem cell biology has come of age. Unequivocal proof that stem cells exist in the haematopoietic system has given way to the prospective isolation of several tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells, the initial delineation of their properties and expressed genetic programmes, and the beginnings of their utility in regenerative medicine. Perhaps the most important and useful property of stem cells is that of self-renewal. Through this property, striking parallels can be found between stem cells and cancer cells: tumours may often originate from the transformation of normal stem cells, similar signalling pathways may regulate self-renewal in stem cells and cancer cells, and cancer cells may include 'cancer stem cells' - rare cells with indefinite potential for self-renewal that drive tumorigenesis.
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            Cancer epigenetics: from mechanism to therapy.

            The epigenetic regulation of DNA-templated processes has been intensely studied over the last 15 years. DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome remodeling, and RNA-mediated targeting regulate many biological processes that are fundamental to the genesis of cancer. Here, we present the basic principles behind these epigenetic pathways and highlight the evidence suggesting that their misregulation can culminate in cancer. This information, along with the promising clinical and preclinical results seen with epigenetic drugs against chromatin regulators, signifies that it is time to embrace the central role of epigenetics in cancer. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              The cancer genome.

              All cancers arise as a result of changes that have occurred in the DNA sequence of the genomes of cancer cells. Over the past quarter of a century much has been learnt about these mutations and the abnormal genes that operate in human cancers. We are now, however, moving into an era in which it will be possible to obtain the complete DNA sequence of large numbers of cancer genomes. These studies will provide us with a detailed and comprehensive perspective on how individual cancers have developed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Acta Pharm Sin B
                Acta Pharm Sin B
                Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B
                Elsevier
                2211-3835
                2211-3843
                02 October 2020
                January 2021
                02 October 2020
                : 11
                : 1
                : 55-70
                Affiliations
                [a ]State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
                [b ]Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 63026505. huangwei@ 123456imm.ac.cn
                Article
                S2211-3835(20)30732-2
                10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.016
                7838023
                33532180
                0359950a-b82a-4fa5-85c7-219a6cc09a58
                © 2021 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 24 April 2020
                : 25 June 2020
                : 12 July 2020
                Categories
                Review

                cancer stem cells,targeting strategies,drug delivery systems,cancer treatment,niche,biomarker,cellular level,molecular level,abc, atp binding cassette,afn, apoferritin,aldh, aldehyde dehydrogenase,bm-mscs-derived exos, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes,cafs, cancer-associated fibroblasts,cl-sisox2, cationic lipoplex of sox2 small interfering rna,cmp, carbonate-mannose modified pei,cq, chloroquine,crgd, cyclic arg-gly-asp,cscs, cancer stem cells,ddss, drug delivery systems,dclk1, doublecortin-like kinase 1,dex, dexamethasone,dle, drug loading efficiency,dox, doxorubicin,dqa-peg2000-dspe, dequlinium and carboxyl polyethylene glycol-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine,ecm, extracellular matrix,emt, epithelial–mesenchymal transition,epcam, epithelial cell adhesion molecule,epnd, nanodiamond-epirubicin drug complex,gemp, gemcitabine monophosphate,glu, glucose,glut1, glucose ligand to the glucose transporter 1,hcc, hepatocellular carcinoma,hh, hedgehog,hif1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha,hnscc, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,ionp, iron oxide nanoparticle,itep, immune-tolerant, elastin-like polypeptide,lac, lung adenocarcinoma,lncs, lipid nanocapsules,mabs, monoclonal antibodies,mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase,mb, methylene blue,mdr, multidrug resistance,mnp, micellar nanoparticle,mpeg-b-pcc-g-gem-g-dc-g-cat, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylenecarbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-cationic ligands),msns, mesoporous silica nanoparticles,nav, navitoclax,ncrna, non-coding rnas,nf-κb, nuclear factor-kappa b,pbaes, poly(β-aminoester),pdt, photodynamic therapy,peg-b-pla, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactide),peg-pcd, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylene carbonate-graft-dodecanol),peg-pla, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide),plga, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide),ptx, paclitaxel,pu-pei, polyurethane-short branch-polyethylenimine,sali-aba, 4-(aminomethyl) benzaldehyde-modified sali,slns, solid lipid nanoparticles,sscs, somatic stem cells,tnbc, triple negative breast cancer,tpz, tirapazamine,upar, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
                cancer stem cells, targeting strategies, drug delivery systems, cancer treatment, niche, biomarker, cellular level, molecular level, abc, atp binding cassette, afn, apoferritin, aldh, aldehyde dehydrogenase, bm-mscs-derived exos, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes, cafs, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cl-sisox2, cationic lipoplex of sox2 small interfering rna, cmp, carbonate-mannose modified pei, cq, chloroquine, crgd, cyclic arg-gly-asp, cscs, cancer stem cells, ddss, drug delivery systems, dclk1, doublecortin-like kinase 1, dex, dexamethasone, dle, drug loading efficiency, dox, doxorubicin, dqa-peg2000-dspe, dequlinium and carboxyl polyethylene glycol-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, ecm, extracellular matrix, emt, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, epcam, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, epnd, nanodiamond-epirubicin drug complex, gemp, gemcitabine monophosphate, glu, glucose, glut1, glucose ligand to the glucose transporter 1, hcc, hepatocellular carcinoma, hh, hedgehog, hif1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, hnscc, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, ionp, iron oxide nanoparticle, itep, immune-tolerant, elastin-like polypeptide, lac, lung adenocarcinoma, lncs, lipid nanocapsules, mabs, monoclonal antibodies, mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase, mb, methylene blue, mdr, multidrug resistance, mnp, micellar nanoparticle, mpeg-b-pcc-g-gem-g-dc-g-cat, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylenecarbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-cationic ligands), msns, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, nav, navitoclax, ncrna, non-coding rnas, nf-κb, nuclear factor-kappa b, pbaes, poly(β-aminoester), pdt, photodynamic therapy, peg-b-pla, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactide), peg-pcd, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylene carbonate-graft-dodecanol), peg-pla, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide), plga, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), ptx, paclitaxel, pu-pei, polyurethane-short branch-polyethylenimine, sali-aba, 4-(aminomethyl) benzaldehyde-modified sali, slns, solid lipid nanoparticles, sscs, somatic stem cells, tnbc, triple negative breast cancer, tpz, tirapazamine, upar, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor

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