Effect of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) on health worker performance in Northeast-Brazil

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Abstract

A multi-country evaluation is being carried out in Brazil and four other countries to determine the effectiveness, cost, and impact of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). We examine the effect of IMCI on the quality of health care provided to children under five visiting health facilities. A health facility survey was conducted at 24 facilities (12 with IMCI) in each of four States in the Northeast. We assessed the quality of care provided to children between 2 months and 5 years attending the facilities. Health workers trained in IMCI provided significantly better care than those not trained. Significant differences between health workers who were trained or not trained in IMCI were found in the assessment of the child, disease classification, treatment, and caretaker communication. Nurses trained in IMCI performed as well as, and sometimes better than, medical officers trained in IMCI. We conclude that while there is room for further improvement, IMCI case management training significantly improves health worker performance, and that parts of Brazil that have not yet introduced IMCI should be encouraged to do so.

Translated abstract

Uma avaliação está sendo realizada entre cinco países, inclusive o Brasil, para determinar a efetividade, custo e impacto da Atenção Integrada às Doenças Prevalentes na Infância (AIDPI). Os autores examinam o efeito da AIDPI sobre a qualidade da assistência prestada a crianças abaixo de cinco anos em consultas realizadas em serviços de saúde. Foi feito um inquérito em 24 serviços de saúde (12 com AIDPI) em cada um de quatro estados do nordeste. Avaliou-se a qualidade da assistência prestada às crianças entre 2 meses e 5 anos de idade que freqüentavam os serviços. Profissionais de saúde treinados em AIDPI prestavam assistência significativamente melhor, comparada com aqueles sem treinamento em AIDPI. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre profissionais com e sem treinamento em AIDPI, na avaliação da criança, classificação da doença, tratamento e comunicação com os pais ou cuidadores. Enfermeiros treinados em AIDPI mostravam desempenho tão bom quanto, e às vezes melhor do que médicos treinados em AIDPI. Os autores concluem que, embora ainda exista espaço para melhoria, o treinamento em AIDPI melhora o desempenho dos profissionais de saúde no tratamento de crianças, e que as regiões brasileiras que ainda não implementaram a AIDPI devem ser incentivadas com o intuito de adotá-lo.

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Is Open Access

The decline in child mortality: a reappraisal

Omar Ahmad, Alan Lopez, Mie Inoue (2000)

The present paper examines, describes and documents country-specific trends in under-five mortality rates (i.e., mortality among children under five years of age) in the 1990s. Our analysis updates previous studies by UNICEF, the World Bank and the United Nations. It identifies countries and WHO regions where sustained improvement has occurred and those where setbacks are evident. A consistent series of estimates of under-five mortality rate is provided and an indication is given of historical trends during the period 1950-2000 for both developed and developing countries. It is estimated that 10.5 million children aged 0-4 years died in 1999, about 2.2 million or 17.5% fewer than a decade earlier. On average about 15% of newborn children in Africa are expected to die before reaching their fifth birthday. The corresponding figures for many other parts of the developing world are in the range 3-8% and that for Europe is under 2%. During the 1990s the decline in child mortality decelerated in all the WHO regions except the Western Pacific but there is no widespread evidence of rising child mortality rates. At the country level there are exceptions in southern Africa where the prevalence of HIV is extremely high and in Asia where a few countries are beset by economic difficulties. The slowdown in the rate of decline is of particular concern in Africa and South-East Asia because it is occurring at relatively high levels of mortality, and in countries experiencing severe economic dislocation. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues in Africa, particularly southern Africa, and in parts of Asia, further reductions in child mortality become increasingly unlikely until substantial progress in controlling the spread of HIV is achieved.