- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: found
Nonhuman primate to human immunobridging to infer the protective effect of an Ebola virus vaccine candidate
research-article
Author(s):
Ramon Roozendaal
1
,
,
Jenny Hendriks
1 ,
Thierry van Effelterre
2 ,
Bart Spiessens
2 ,
Liesbeth Dekking
1 ,
Laura Solforosi
1 ,
Dominika Czapska-Casey
1 ,
Viki Bockstal
1 ,
Jeroen Stoop
1 ,
Daniel Splinter
1
,
5 ,
Sarah Janssen
1 ,
Ben van Baelen
2
,
6 ,
Nadia Verbruggen
2
,
7 ,
Jan Serroyen
1 ,
Eline Dekeyster
1 ,
Ariane Volkmann
3 ,
Yvonne Wollmann
3
,
8 ,
Ricardo Carrion Jr.
4 ,
Luis D. Giavedoni
4 ,
Cynthia Robinson
1 ,
Maarten Leyssen
1 ,
Macaya Douoguih
1 ,
Kerstin Luhn
1 ,
Maria Grazia Pau
1 ,
Jerry Sadoff
1 ,
An Vandebosch
2 ,
Hanneke Schuitemaker
1 ,
Roland Zahn
1 ,
Benoit Callendret
1
Publication date (Electronic):
17 December 2020
Journal:
NPJ Vaccines
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group UK
Read this article at
There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.
Abstract
It has been proven challenging to conduct traditional efficacy trials for Ebola virus (EBOV) vaccines. In the absence of efficacy data, immunobridging is an approach to infer the likelihood of a vaccine protective effect, by translating vaccine immunogenicity in humans to a protective effect, using the relationship between vaccine immunogenicity and the desired outcome in a suitable animal model. We here propose to infer the protective effect of the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen with an 8-week interval in humans by immunobridging. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy data were obtained for Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimens using a fully lethal EBOV Kikwit challenge model in cynomolgus monkeys (nonhuman primates [NHP]). The association between EBOV neutralizing antibodies, glycoprotein (GP)-binding antibodies, and GP-reactive T cells and survival in NHP was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Binding antibodies against the EBOV surface GP were identified as the immune parameter with the strongest correlation to survival post EBOV challenge, and used to infer the predicted protective effect of the vaccine in humans using published data from phase I studies. The human vaccine-elicited EBOV GP-binding antibody levels are in a range associated with significant protection against mortality in NHP. Based on this immunobridging analysis, the EBOV GP-specific-binding antibody levels elicited by the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen in humans will likely provide protection against EBOV disease.
Related collections
Most cited references47
- Record: found
- Abstract: not found
- Article: not found
Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates
David G. Firth (1993)
- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: found
Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ça Suffit!)
Ana Henao-Restrepo, Anton Camacho, Ira Longini … (2017)
Summary Background rVSV-ZEBOV is a recombinant, replication competent vesicular stomatitis virus-based candidate vaccine expressing a surface glycoprotein of Zaire Ebolavirus. We tested the effect of rVSV-ZEBOV in preventing Ebola virus disease in contacts and contacts of contacts of recently confirmed cases in Guinea, west Africa. Methods We did an open-label, cluster-randomised ring vaccination trial (Ebola ça Suffit!) in the communities of Conakry and eight surrounding prefectures in the Basse-Guinée region of Guinea, and in Tomkolili and Bombali in Sierra Leone. We assessed the efficacy of a single intramuscular dose of rVSV-ZEBOV (2×107 plaque-forming units administered in the deltoid muscle) in the prevention of laboratory confirmed Ebola virus disease. After confirmation of a case of Ebola virus disease, we definitively enumerated on a list a ring (cluster) of all their contacts and contacts of contacts including named contacts and contacts of contacts who were absent at the time of the trial team visit. The list was archived, then we randomly assigned clusters (1:1) to either immediate vaccination or delayed vaccination (21 days later) of all eligible individuals (eg, those aged ≥18 years and not pregnant, breastfeeding, or severely ill). An independent statistician generated the assignment sequence using block randomisation with randomly varying blocks, stratified by location (urban vs rural) and size of rings (≤20 individuals vs >20 individuals). Ebola response teams and laboratory workers were unaware of assignments. After a recommendation by an independent data and safety monitoring board, randomisation was stopped and immediate vaccination was also offered to children aged 6–17 years and all identified rings. The prespecified primary outcome was a laboratory confirmed case of Ebola virus disease with onset 10 days or more from randomisation. The primary analysis compared the incidence of Ebola virus disease in eligible and vaccinated individuals assigned to immediate vaccination versus eligible contacts and contacts of contacts assigned to delayed vaccination. This trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, number PACTR201503001057193. Findings In the randomised part of the trial we identified 4539 contacts and contacts of contacts in 51 clusters randomly assigned to immediate vaccination (of whom 3232 were eligible, 2151 consented, and 2119 were immediately vaccinated) and 4557 contacts and contacts of contacts in 47 clusters randomly assigned to delayed vaccination (of whom 3096 were eligible, 2539 consented, and 2041 were vaccinated 21 days after randomisation). No cases of Ebola virus disease occurred 10 days or more after randomisation among randomly assigned contacts and contacts of contacts vaccinated in immediate clusters versus 16 cases (7 clusters affected) among all eligible individuals in delayed clusters. Vaccine efficacy was 100% (95% CI 68·9–100·0, p=0·0045), and the calculated intraclass correlation coefficient was 0·035. Additionally, we defined 19 non-randomised clusters in which we enumerated 2745 contacts and contacts of contacts, 2006 of whom were eligible and 1677 were immediately vaccinated, including 194 children. The evidence from all 117 clusters showed that no cases of Ebola virus disease occurred 10 days or more after randomisation among all immediately vaccinated contacts and contacts of contacts versus 23 cases (11 clusters affected) among all eligible contacts and contacts of contacts in delayed plus all eligible contacts and contacts of contacts never vaccinated in immediate clusters. The estimated vaccine efficacy here was 100% (95% CI 79·3–100·0, p=0·0033). 52% of contacts and contacts of contacts assigned to immediate vaccination and in non-randomised clusters received the vaccine immediately; vaccination protected both vaccinated and unvaccinated people in those clusters. 5837 individuals in total received the vaccine (5643 adults and 194 children), and all vaccinees were followed up for 84 days. 3149 (53·9%) of 5837 individuals reported at least one adverse event in the 14 days after vaccination; these were typically mild (87·5% of all 7211 adverse events). Headache (1832 [25·4%]), fatigue (1361 [18·9%]), and muscle pain (942 [13·1%]) were the most commonly reported adverse events in this period across all age groups. 80 serious adverse events were identified, of which two were judged to be related to vaccination (one febrile reaction and one anaphylaxis) and one possibly related (influenza-like illness); all three recovered without sequelae. Interpretation The results add weight to the interim assessment that rVSV-ZEBOV offers substantial protection against Ebola virus disease, with no cases among vaccinated individuals from day 10 after vaccination in both randomised and non-randomised clusters. Funding WHO, UK Wellcome Trust, the UK Government through the Department of International Development, Médecins Sans Frontières, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (through the Research Council of Norway's GLOBVAC programme), and the Canadian Government (through the Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, International Development Research Centre and Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development).
- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: not found
The reemergence of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit.
A Khan, F. Tshioko, D. L. Heymann … (1999)
In May 1995, an international team characterized and contained an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Active surveillance was instituted using several methods, including house-to-house search, review of hospital and dispensary logs, interview of health care personnel, retrospective contact tracing, and direct follow-up of suspect cases. In the field, a clinical case was defined as fever and hemorrhagic signs, fever plus contact with a case-patient, or fever plus at least 3 of 10 symptoms. A total of 315 cases of EHF, with an 81% case fatality, were identified, excluding 10 clinical cases with negative laboratory results. The earliest documented case-patient had onset on 6 January, and the last case-patient died on 16 July. Eighty cases (25%) occurred among health care workers. Two individuals may have been the source of infection for >50 cases. The outbreak was terminated by the initiation of barrier-nursing techniques, health education efforts, and rapid identification of cases.
Author and article information
Contributors
Ramon Roozendaal:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-4801
RRoozend@its.jnj.com
Journal
Journal ID (nlm-ta): NPJ Vaccines
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): NPJ Vaccines
Title:
NPJ Vaccines
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group UK
(London
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
2059-0105
Publication date
(Electronic):
17
December
2020
Publication date PMC-release: 17
December
2020
Publication date Collection: 2020
Volume: 5
Electronic Location Identifier: 112
Affiliations
[1
]GRID grid.497529.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0625 7026, Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., ; Leiden, The Netherlands
[4
]GRID grid.250889.e, ISNI 0000 0001 2215 0219, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, ; San Antonio, TX USA
Author information
Ramon Roozendaal
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-4801
Hanneke Schuitemaker
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-2266
Roland Zahn
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-6231
Article
Publisher ID: 261DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00261-9
PMC ID: 7747701
PubMed ID: 33335092
SO-VID: 02a0a996-ca2d-4e93-b7ff-830bb037a700
Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
License:
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
History
Date
received
: 26
June
2020
Date
accepted
: 13
November
2020
Funding
Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100000060, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID);
Award ID: HHSN272200800056C
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Award Recipient
:
Ramon Roozendaal
Jenny Hendriks
Thierry van Effelterre
Bart Spiessens
Liesbeth Dekking
Laura Solforosi
Dominika Czapska-Casey
Viki Bockstal
Jeroen Stoop
Daniel Splinter
Sarah Janssen
Ben van Baelen
Nadia Verbruggen
Jan Serroyen
Eline Dekeyster
Ariane Volkmann
Yvonne Wollmann
Ricardo Carrion Jr.
Cynthia Robinson
Maarten Leyssen
Macaya Douoguih
Kerstin Luhn
Jerry Sadoff
An Vandebosch
Hanneke Schuitemaker
Roland Zahn
Benoit Callendret
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Funded by: EBL1001 and EBL1004 received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint
Undertaking under grant agreement number 115854. This Joint Undertaking receives support
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the European
Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Association.
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