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      Intumescent Phosphorus and Triazole-Based Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foams from Castor Oil

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          Abstract

          Synthesis of a novel phosphorus and triazole-functionalized flame-retardant (FR) monomer (PTFM) using azide–alkyne “click” reaction between triprop-2-ynyl phosphate and 2-azidoethanol that can impart intumescent FR property to polyurethane foams (PUFs) has been reported. Polyurethane triazole foams (PUTFs) were prepared using the as-synthesized PTFM and a hydroxylated castor polyol with a hydroxyl value of ∼310 mg KOH/g for application as reactive FR rigid foams. PTFM and the castor polyol were characterized for structural elucidation using Fourier transform infrared and 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR. PUTFs with a varying loading content of PTFM were subjected to the lab-scale flame test, cone calorimetry test, Underwriters Laboratory 94 Vertical burning test (UL 94V), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. A significant increase in the char yields, reduction in heat release rates, V-1 rating, and 27% of LOI were observed for PUTFs compared to PUFs and proportional to the percentage loading of PTFM. The cumulative effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in PUTFs on their intumescent behavior was evident from the thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy micrographs, which were further supplemented by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, indicating expulsion of N 2 and overall improvement in compression strength as well. Such environment-friendly reactive FRs can be good replacements to the halogenated ones.

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          Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry

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            Polypyrrole-interface-functionalized nano-magnetite epoxy nanocomposites as electromagnetic wave absorbers with enhanced flame retardancy

            Polypyrrole coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles have effectively enhanced the EMI shielding of epoxy nanocomposites compared with the physically mixed nanofillers. Epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with polypyrrole functionalized nano-magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 –PPy) showed significantly enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance and flame retardancy. The Fe 3 O 4 –PPy nanocomposites were prepared by the surface initiated polymerization method. The epoxy/(30.0 wt%)Fe 3 O 4 –PPy nanocomposites possess a minimum reflection loss (RL) value of −35.7 dB, which is much lower than that of either epoxy/(7.5 wt%)PPy nanocomposites with a minimum RL value of −11.0 dB or epoxy/(30.0 wt%)Fe 3 O 4 with a minimum RL value of −17.8 dB at the same thickness (1.7 mm). Meanwhile, the bandwidth of epoxy/(30.0 wt%)Fe 3 O 4 –PPy nanocomposites for RL < −10 dB and RL < −20 dB is 4.0 GHz and 0.8 GHz, respectively. The increased interface area, eddy current loss and anisotropic energy are essentially important to achieve higher reflection loss and broader absorption bandwidth for epoxy/(30.0 wt%)Fe 3 O 4 –PPy nanocomposites. Moreover, the significantly reduced flammability was observed in the epoxy/(30.0 wt%)Fe 3 O 4 –PPy nanocomposites compared with pure epoxy. The total heat release of epoxy/(30.0 wt%)Fe 3 O 4 –PPy nanocomposites decreased from 25.5 kJ g −1 of pure epoxy to just 12.3 kJ g −1 . The tensile strength of the epoxy nanocomposites was reported as well. These new nanocomposites with an enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption property and flame retardancy possess great potential for safer electromagnetic wave absorbers in the electronic industry to satisfy stringent industrial standards.
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              A new triazole derivative as inhibitor of the acid corrosion of mild steel: electrochemical studies, weight loss determination, SEM and XPS

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Omega
                ACS Omega
                ao
                acsodf
                ACS Omega
                American Chemical Society
                2470-1343
                14 January 2019
                31 January 2019
                : 4
                : 1
                : 1086-1094
                Affiliations
                []Polymers & Functional Materials Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
                []Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
                Author notes
                [* ]E-mail: sdonempudi@ 123456iict.res.in . Phone: 040-27193992 (S.D.).
                Article
                10.1021/acsomega.8b02968
                6647972
                01945d74-aa19-4e1c-a3e6-209abc117737
                Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

                This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.

                History
                : 27 October 2018
                : 31 December 2018
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                Custom metadata
                ao8b02968
                ao-2018-02968u

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