Differences in Emotion Expression, Suppression, and Cardiovascular Consequences Between Black and White Americans in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study.

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Abstract

Recent theoretical work suggests that the expression of emotions may differ among Black and White Americans, such that Black Americans engage more frequently in expressive suppression to regulate emotions and avoid conflict. Prior work has linked expressive suppression usage with increases in cardiovascular disease risk, suggesting that racialized differences in expressive suppression usage may be one mechanism by which racism "gets under the skin" and creates health disparities.

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Most cited references 73

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Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health: Socio-economic Status, Stress and Discrimination.

David R. Williams, Yan Yu, James S. Jackson … (1997)

This article examines the extent to which racial differences in socio-economic status (SES), social class and acute and chronic indicators of perceived discrimination, as well as general measures of stress can account for black-white differences in self-reported measures of physical and mental health. The observed racial differences in health were markedly reduced when adjusted for education and especially income. However, both perceived discrimination and more traditional measures of stress are related to health and play an incremental role in accounting for differences between the races in health status. These findings underscore the need for research efforts to identify the complex ways in which economic and non-economic forms of discrimination relate to each other and combine with socio-economic position and other risk factors and resources to affect health.

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Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being.

James J Gross, Oliver John (2003)

Five studies tested two general hypotheses: Individuals differ in their use of emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal and suppression, and these individual differences have implications for affect, well-being, and social relationships. Study 1 presents new measures of the habitual use of reappraisal and suppression. Study 2 examines convergent and discriminant validity. Study 3 shows that reappraisers experience and express greater positive emotion and lesser negative emotion, whereas suppressors experience and express lesser positive emotion, yet experience greater negative emotion. Study 4 indicates that using reappraisal is associated with better interpersonal functioning, whereas using suppression is associated with worse interpersonal functioning. Study 5 shows that using reappraisal is related positively to well-being, whereas using suppression is related negatively.

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Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential

Margaret M Bradley, Peter Lang (1994)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Psychosom Med

Title: Psychosomatic medicine

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

ISSN (Electronic): 1534-7796

ISSN (Print): 0033-3174

Publication date (Electronic): October 16 2024

Volume: 86

Issue: 9

Affiliations

[1 ] From the Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University (Finley), Fargo, North Dakota; Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Hebbring, Schaefer), Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University (Baldwin), Statesboro, Georgia; School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading (van Reekum), Reading, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine (Thayer), Irvine, California; and Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Davidson), Madison, Wisconsin.

Article

Mid ID: NIHMS2029762 Publisher Item ID: 00006842-990000000-00243

DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001348

PMC ID: 11560665

PubMed ID: 39412291

SO-VID: 6baa7aea-c990-4da2-b8b4-db1c12afd3bb

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