Synthesis of a new Ag <sup>+</sup>-decorated Prussian blue analog with high peroxidase-like activity and its application in measuring the content of the antioxidant substances in <i>Lycium ruthenicum</i> Murr.

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Abstract

An Ag ⁺-decorated Prussian blue analog (Ag-PBA) was synthesized and used to measure the content of antioxidant substances in Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

Abstract

A new Prussian blue analog (PBA) that contains three metal elements and has peroxidase-like activity was synthesized by a simple method. Then, AgNO ₃ solution was added slowly to the PBA solution under continuous stirring. We found that this synthesis method could be used to prepare other PBAs, and that the anchoring of Ag ⁺ on the surface of PBA could enhance the peroxidase-like activity of the material, suggesting potential applications for the Ag ⁺-decorated Prussian blue analog (Ag-PBA) in traditional Chinese medicine. Ag-PBA is a new type of multi-metal cubic nano-enzyme that exhibits good stability and excellent peroxidase-like activity; as such, it could catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H ₂O ₂ and Ag-PBA. We then developed a new method to measure the content of antioxidant substances in Chinese herbs by using the excellent peroxidase-like activity of Ag-PBA. Using the Chinese herb Lycium ruthenicum Murr. as a model compound, we measured the content of the antioxidant substances in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. by this new method. After optimization of reaction temperature, concentrations of TMB and H ₂O ₂, and reaction time, the content of the antioxidant substances was measured and calculated in comparison with anthocyanidin standards. The results of the Ag-PBA method and the classical DPPH method were compared by a paired t-test, with no statistically significant difference found between the methods. Hence, these two methods can be used interchangeably, although the Ag-PBA method had the advantages of simplicity, rapidness, and good stability. Moreover, the Ag-PBA method has a low limit of quantification and a shorter reaction time, which are improvements on the DPPH method, and it is not necessary to avoid light. Therefore, we anticipate that the Ag-PBA method may be used widely for the measurement of the content of antioxidant substances in Chinese herbs.

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Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes (II)

Jiangjiexing Wu, Xiaoyu Wang, Quan Wang … (2019)

An updated comprehensive review to help researchers understand nanozymes better and in turn to advance the field. Nanozymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics ( Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2013, 42 , 6060–6093). They have been developed to address the limitations of natural enzymes and conventional artificial enzymes. Along with the significant advances in nanotechnology, biotechnology, catalysis science, and computational design, great progress has been achieved in the field of nanozymes since the publication of the above-mentioned comprehensive review in 2013. To highlight these achievements, this review first discusses the types of nanozymes and their representative nanomaterials, together with the corresponding catalytic mechanisms whenever available. Then, it summarizes various strategies for modulating the activity and selectivity of nanozymes. After that, the broad applications from biomedical analysis and imaging to theranostics and environmental protection are covered. Finally, the current challenges faced by nanozymes are outlined and the future directions for advancing nanozyme research are suggested. The current review can help researchers know well the current status of nanozymes and may catalyze breakthroughs in this field.