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      Propuestas de clase social neoweberiana y neomarxista a partir de la Clasificación Nacional de Ocupaciones 2011

      Gaceta Sanitaria
      Ediciones Doyma, S.L.
      Social class, Socioeconomic position, Occupation, Educational status, Epidemiology, Public health, Clase social, Nivel socioeconómico, Ocupación, Nivel de educación, Epidemiología, Salud pública

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          Abstract

          En España, la nueva Clasificación Nacional de Ocupaciones (CNO-2011), que ha variado sustancialmente respecto a la del año 1994, requiere la adaptación de la clase social ocupacional para ser utilizada en estudios de desigualdades en salud. En este artículo se presentan dos propuestas para medir la clase social: la nueva clasificación de clase social ocupacional (CSO-SEE12), basada en la CNO-2011, desde un enfoque neoweberiano, y una propuesta de clase social desde un enfoque neomarxista. La CSO-SEE12 se construye a partir de una revisión detallada de los códigos de la CNO-2011. Por su parte, la clase social neomarxista se establece a partir de variables sobre los bienes de capital, de organización y de cualificación. La CSO-SEE12 que se propone consta de siete clases sociales que pueden ser agrupadas en un número menor de categorías, según las necesidades del estudio. La clasificación neomarxista consta de 12 categorías, en las cuales las y los propietarios se dividen en tres categorías en función de los bienes de capital y las personas asalariadas en nueve categorías formadas a partir de los bienes de organización y cualificación. Estas propuestas se complementan con la proposición de una clasificación del nivel educativo que integra los diferentes planes de estudio en España, y ofrece las correspondencias con la Clasificación Internacional Normalizada de la Educación.

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          Most cited references28

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          Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1).

          This glossary presents a comprehensive list of indicators of socioeconomic position used in health research. A description of what they intend to measure is given together with how data are elicited and the advantages and limitation of the indicators. The glossary is divided into two parts for journal publication but the intention is that it should be used as one piece. The second part highlights a life course approach and will be published in the next issue of the journal.
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            Employment relations, social class and health: a review and analysis of conceptual and measurement alternatives.

            Employment relations, as a theoretical framework for social class, represent a complementary approach to social stratification. Employment relations introduce social relations of ownership and control over productive assets to the analysis of inequalities in economic (e.g., income), power (occupational hierarchy), and cultural (e.g., education) resources. The objectives of this paper are to briefly clarify the theoretical background on socio-economic indicators used in social epidemiology and to conduct a review of empirical studies that adopt relational social class indicators in the socio-epidemiological literature. Measures of employment relations in social determinants of health research can be classified within two major conceptual frameworks: 1) "Neo-Weberian", like the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC) which is widely used in the United Kingdom; and 2) "Neo-Marxian", like Erik O. Wright's social class indicators, which are being used by social epidemiologists in the Americas and Europe. Our review of empirical findings (49 articles found) reveals that the relation between employment relations and health does not necessarily imply a graded relationship. For example, small employers can exhibit worse health than highly skilled workers, and supervisors can display worse health than frontline workers. The policy implications of employment relations research are therefore different, and complement those of income or education health gradient studies. While the latter studies tend to emphasize income redistribution policy options, employment relations implicate other factors such as workplace democracy and social protection. Our analysis confirms that the current transformation of employment relations calls for new social class concepts and measures to explain social inequalities in health and to generate policies to reduce them. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Inequalities in health by social class dimensions in European countries of different political traditions.

              To compare inequalities in self-perceived health in the population older than 50 years, in 2004, using Wright's social class dimensions, in nine European countries grouped in three political traditions (Social democracy, Christian democracy and Late democracies). Cross-sectional design, including data of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (Sweden, Denmark, Austria, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Italy and Greece). The population aged from 50 to 74 years was included. Absolute and relative social class dimension inequalities in poor self-reported health and long-term illness were determined for each sex and political tradition. Relative inequalities were assessed by fitting Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators. Absolute and relative health inequalities by social class dimensions are found in the three political traditions, but these differences are more marked in Late democracies and mainly among women. For example the prevalence ratio of poor self-perceived health comparing poorly educated women with highly educated women, was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.39-2.21) in Late democracies and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.21-1.52) in Social democracies. The prevalence differences were 24.2 and 13.7%, respectively. This study is one of the first to show the impact of different political traditions on social class inequalities in health. These results emphasize the need to evaluate the impact of the implementation of public policies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                S0213-91112013000300013
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.12.009
                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                Public health
                Social class,Socioeconomic position,Occupation,Educational status,Epidemiology,Public health,Clase social,Nivel socioeconómico,Ocupación,Nivel de educación,Epidemiología,Salud pública

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