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      AOSSM Early Sport Specialization Consensus Statement

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Early sport specialization is not a requirement for success at the highest levels of competition and is believed to be unhealthy physically and mentally for young athletes. It also discourages unstructured free play, which has many benefits.

          Purpose:

          To review the available evidence on early sports specialization and identify areas where scientific data are lacking.

          Study Design:

          Think tank, roundtable discussion.

          Results:

          The primary outcome of this think tank was that there is no evidence that young children will benefit from early sport specialization in the majority of sports. They are subject to overuse injury and burnout from concentrated activity. Early multisport participation will not deter young athletes from long-term competitive athletic success.

          Conclusion:

          Youth advocates, parents, clinicians, and coaches need to work together with the sport governing bodies to ensure healthy environments for play and competition that do not create long-term health issues yet support athletic competition at the highest level desired.

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          Most cited references6

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          Eliminating the dichotomy between theory and practice in talent identification and development: considering the role of psychology.

          It is acknowledged that appropriate support and training are essential if talented individuals are to fulfil their potential. The early identification of talented athletes is an increasingly important consideration for researchers and practitioners alike. Once talented individuals have been detected, crucial but limited support resources can be optimally deployed to ensure that their needs are met and that their gifts are developed. However, there is considerable disagreement among experts on what talent is, and which factors can reliably be used within talent identification processes. This paper explores prerequisites to success in sport, and the comparative efficacy of employing these prerequisites within talent identification schemes. It is proposed that talent needs to be reconceptualized so that talent identification and talent development processes are perceived to be dynamic and interrelated. Additionally, the need to place greater emphasis on the capacity of a child to develop in sport and the psychological factors that underpin this process is highlighted. To this end, it is advocated that talent identification and development schemes, while emphasizing the multidimensional nature of talent, need to recognize the essential role of psychology in the ability of individuals to fulfil their sporting potential.
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            Selection, de-selection and progression in German football talent promotion.

            This study explored to which extent the development of German professional football players is based on early talent identification (TID) and long-term nurture in talent promotion (TP) programmes or on their emergence in the course of repeated procedures of player selection and de-selection in these programmes through childhood and youth. The annual turnover of squad members in national junior teams (2001-2013) and youth elite academies was calculated; national U-team members were followed up with regard to nominations through subsequent seasons and to their success level eventually achieved at senior age; and all current Bundesliga players were analysed retrospectively regarding their earlier involvement in TID/TP programmes. Analyses revealed that the mean annual turnover of squad members was 24.5% (youth academies) and 41.0% (national U-teams), respectively. At any age, the probability of persisting in the programme three years later was <50%. Among current Bundesliga players, the age of recruitment into the TID/TP programme was widely evenly distributed across childhood and youth, respectively. Accordingly, the number of (future) Bundesliga players who were involved in TID/TP was built up continuously through all age categories. The observations suggest that the collective of professional players emerged from repeated procedures of selection and de-selection through childhood and youth rather than from early selection and long-term continuous nurture in TID/TP programmes. The findings are discussed with regard to the uncertainty of TID and of interventions applied to the selected players, and they are related to the individualistic and collectivistic approach in TP.
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              Prevalence of increased alpha angles as a measure of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement in youth ice hockey players.

              It has been reported that relative to other sports participants, ice hockey players suffer from cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in higher numbers. α angles have been reported to increase with the likelihood of symptomatic FAI. It is unclear how prevalent increased α angles, commonly associated with cam FAI, are in asymptomatic young ice hockey players.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Orthop J Sports Med
                Orthop J Sports Med
                OJS
                spojs
                Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                2325-9671
                28 April 2016
                April 2016
                : 4
                : 4
                : 2325967116644241
                Affiliations
                [* ]Chief Medical Officer, The Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.
                []Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
                [§ ]Professor and Director, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University Centre of Aging Research and Education, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
                []Medical Director, Sports Medicine Program, Children’s Hospital of The King’s Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
                []Director, Division of Sports Medicine and Adolescent Medicine, and Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
                [# ]Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
                [** ]Attending Orthopaedic Surgeon, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service; Co–medical Director, Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
                [†† ]Professor and Director, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
                [‡‡ ]Medical & Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland.
                [§§ ]Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
                [‖‖ ]Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
                [¶¶ ]Associate Professor-in-Residence and Fellowship Director, Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
                [## ]Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Youth Sports, College of Education/Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
                [a ]NCAA Chief Medical Officer and Clinical Professor of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
                [b ]New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
                [c ]Consultant, Orthopaedic Surgery; Director, Biomechanics, Sports Medicine Research; Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
                [d ]Associate Professor, Orthopedics and Family Medicine; Director, Tennis Medicine; Associate Director, Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship, Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
                [e ]Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
                [f ]Associate Director, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
                [g ]Director, Research and The Human Performance Laboratory, Division of Sports Medicine I, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
                [h ]Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
                [i ]The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
                [j ]Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
                [k ]Elite Sports Medicine, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
                [l ]Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
                [m ]Team Physician, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
                [n ]Managing Partner, Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, USA.
                [o ]Co-chairman, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.
                [p ]Fellowship co-Director, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Sports Medicine Program, Vail, Colorado, USA.
                [q ]Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
                [r ]Chief of Sports Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
                [s ]Head Team Physician and Medical Director, New England Patriots, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
                [t ]Professor of Surgery, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
                [u ]Visiting Professor, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
                [35-2325967116644241]R.F.L. and J.A. are co-chairs.
                Author notes
                [*] []Julie Agel, MA, ATC, Box 359798, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA (email: bagel@ 123456uw.edu ).
                Article
                10.1177_2325967116644241
                10.1177/2325967116644241
                4853833
                27169132
                18c65c94-123a-4480-b72f-55f68dc4be7c
                © The Author(s) 2016

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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                early sports specialization,consensus,youth sports
                early sports specialization, consensus, youth sports

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