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      Using Chromatin Accessibility to Delineate Therapeutic Subtypes in Pancreatic Cancer Patient-Derived Cell Lines

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          Summary

          Disrupted chromatin regulatory processes contribute to the development of cancer, in particular pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is typically used to study chromatin organization. Here, we present a revised ATAC-seq protocol to study chromatin accessibility in adherent patient-derived cell lines. We provide details on how to calculate the library molarity using Agilent’s Bioanalyzer and an analysis pipeline for peak calling and transcription factor mapping.

          For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Brunton et al. (2020).

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          Highlights

          • ATAC-seq protocol to measure chromatin accessibility in patient-derived cell lines

          • Includes detailed size selection library clean-up step

          • Instructions on how to calculate the library molarity using Agilent Bioanalyzer

          • A comprehensive data analysis pipeline is provided

          Abstract

          Disrupted chromatin regulatory processes contribute to the development of cancer, in particular pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is typically used to study chromatin organization. Here, we present a revised ATAC-seq protocol to study chromatin accessibility in adherent patient-derived cell lines. We provide details on how to calculate the library molarity using Agilent’s Bioanalyzer and an analysis pipeline for peak calling and transcription factor mapping.

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          Most cited references6

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          Simple combinations of lineage-determining transcription factors prime cis-regulatory elements required for macrophage and B cell identities.

          Genome-scale studies have revealed extensive, cell type-specific colocalization of transcription factors, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate in macrophages and B cells that collaborative interactions of the common factor PU.1 with small sets of macrophage- or B cell lineage-determining transcription factors establish cell-specific binding sites that are associated with the majority of promoter-distal H3K4me1-marked genomic regions. PU.1 binding initiates nucleosome remodeling, followed by H3K4 monomethylation at large numbers of genomic regions associated with both broadly and specifically expressed genes. These locations serve as beacons for additional factors, exemplified by liver X receptors, which drive both cell-specific gene expression and signal-dependent responses. Together with analyses of transcription factor binding and H3K4me1 patterns in other cell types, these studies suggest that simple combinations of lineage-determining transcription factors can specify the genomic sites ultimately responsible for both cell identity and cell type-specific responses to diverse signaling inputs. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            ChIPseeker: an R/Bioconductor package for ChIP peak annotation, comparison and visualization.

            ChIPseeker is an R package for annotating ChIP-seq data analysis. It supports annotating ChIP peaks and provides functions to visualize ChIP peaks coverage over chromosomes and profiles of peaks binding to TSS regions. Comparison of ChIP peak profiles and annotation are also supported. Moreover, it supports evaluating significant overlap among ChIP-seq datasets. Currently, ChIPseeker contains 15 000 bed file information from GEO database. These datasets can be downloaded and compare with user's own data to explore significant overlap datasets for inferring co-regulation or transcription factor complex for further investigation.
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              ATAC-seq: A Method for Assaying Chromatin Accessibility Genome-Wide.

              This unit describes Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), a method for mapping chromatin accessibility genome-wide. This method probes DNA accessibility with hyperactive Tn5 transposase, which inserts sequencing adapters into accessible regions of chromatin. Sequencing reads can then be used to infer regions of increased accessibility, as well as to map regions of transcription-factor binding and nucleosome position. The method is a fast and sensitive alternative to DNase-seq for assaying chromatin accessibility genome-wide, or to MNase-seq for assaying nucleosome positions in accessible regions of the genome.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                STAR Protoc
                STAR Protoc
                STAR Protocols
                Elsevier
                2666-1667
                04 August 2020
                18 September 2020
                04 August 2020
                : 1
                : 2
                : 100079
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
                [2 ]Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
                [3 ]Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
                [4 ]Department of General surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author holly.brunton@ 123456beatson.gla.ac.uk
                [∗∗ ]Corresponding author peter.bailey.2@ 123456glasgow.ac.uk
                [5]

                Technical Contact

                [6]

                Lead Contact

                Article
                S2666-1667(20)30066-6 100079
                10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100079
                7580199
                33111113
                8bfbaa89-3d18-4261-a6b4-2d541e637f29
                © 2020 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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