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      • Record: found
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      Is Open Access

      A positive fluid balance is associated with a worse outcome in patients with acute renal failure

      research-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , , 3 , 4 , 3 , 5 , the Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients (SOAP) Investigators
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Critical Care
      Publisher: BioMed Central

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Despite significant improvements in intensive care medicine, the prognosis of acute renal failure (ARF) remains poor, with mortality ranging from 40% to 65%. The aim of the present observational study was to analyze the influence of patient characteristics and fluid balance on the outcome of ARF in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

          Methods

          The data were extracted from the Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients (SOAP) study, a multicenter observational cohort study to which 198 ICUs from 24 European countries contributed. All adult patients admitted to a participating ICU between 1 and 15 May 2002, except those admitted for uncomplicated postoperative surveillance, were eligible for the study. For the purposes of this substudy, patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had ARF. The groups were compared with respect to patient characteristics, fluid balance, and outcome.

          Results

          Of the 3,147 patients included in the SOAP study, 1,120 (36%) had ARF at some point during their ICU stay. Sixty-day mortality rates were 36% in patients with ARF and 16% in patients without ARF ( P < 0.01). Oliguric patients and patients treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) had higher 60-day mortality rates than patients without oliguria or the need for RRT (41% versus 33% and 52% versus 32%, respectively; P < 0.01). Independent risk factors for 60-day mortality in the patients with ARF were age, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), heart failure, liver cirrhosis, medical admission, mean fluid balance, and need for mechanical ventilation. Among patients treated with RRT, length of stay and mortality were lower when RRT was started early in the course of the ICU stay.

          Conclusion

          In this large European multicenter study, a positive fluid balance was an important factor associated with increased 60-day mortality. Outcome among patients treated with RRT was better when RRT was started early in the course of the ICU stay.

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          Most cited references25

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          Acute renal failure in the ICU: risk factors and outcome evaluated by the SOFA score.

          A. de Mendonca, J-L Vincent, P Suter … (2000)
          To describe risk factors for the development of acute renal failure (ARF) in a population of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and the association of ARF with multiple organ failure (MOF) and outcome using the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort analysis. Forty ICUs in 16 countries. All patients admitted to one of the participating ICUs in May 1995, except those who stayed in the ICU for less than 48 h after uncomplicated surgery, were included. After the exclusion of 38 patients with a history of chronic renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy, a total of 1411 patients were studied. Of the patients, 348 (24.7%) developed ARF, as diagnosed by a serum creatinine of 300 micromol/l (3.5 mg/dl) or more and/or a urine output of less than 500 ml/day. The most important risk factors for the development of ARF present on admission were acute circulatory or respiratory failure; age more than 65 years, presence of infection, past history of chronic heart failure (CHF), lymphoma or leukemia, or cirrhosis. ARF patients developed MOF earlier than non-ARF patients (median 24 vs 48 h after ICU admission, p < 0.05). ARF patients older than 65 years with a past history of CHF or with any organ failure on admission were most likely to develop MOF. ICU mortality was 3 times higher in ARF than in other patients (42.8% vs 14.0%, p < 0.01). Oliguric ARF was an independent risk factor for overall mortality as determined by a multivariate regression analysis (OR = 1.59 [CI 95%: 1.23-2.06], p < 0.01). Infection increased the risk of death associated with all factors. Factors that increased the ICU mortality of ARF patients were a past history of hematologic malignancy, age more than 65 years, the number of failing organs on admission and the presence of acute cardiovascular failure. In ICU patients, the most important risk factors for ARF or mortality from ARF are often present on admission. During the ICU stay, other organ failures (especially cardiovascular) are important risk factors. Oliguric ARF was an independent risk factor for ICU mortality, and infection increased the contribution to mortality by other factors. The severity of circulatory shock was the most important factor influencing outcome in ARF patients.
          Article 0 comments Cited 146 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Effect of acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy on outcome in critically ill patients*

            Philipp G H Metnitz, Claus G Krenn, Heinz Steltzer … (2002)
            Acute renal failure is a complication in critically ill patients that has been associated with an excess risk of hospital mortality. Whether this reflects the severity of the disease or whether acute renal failure is an independent risk factor is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze severity of illness and mortality in a group of critically ill patients with acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy in a number of Austrian intensive care units.
            Article 0 comments Cited 114 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Effects of early high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration on survival and recovery of renal function in intensive care patients with acute renal failure: A prospective, randomized trial

              Catherine S C Bouman, Heleen Oudemans-van Straaten, Jan Tijssen … (2002)
              Article 0 comments Cited 99 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Crit Care
                Title: Critical Care
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Print): 1364-8535
                ISSN (Electronic): 1466-609X
                Publication date (Print): 2008
                Publication date (Electronic): 4 June 2008
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 3
                Page: R74
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHU Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise – Paré, F-75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
                [2 ]Adult Intensive Care Unit C3-327, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                [3 ]Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
                [4 ]Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
                [5 ]Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, 808, Route de Lennik, B-1070-Brussels, Belgium
                Article
                Publisher ID: cc6916
                DOI: 10.1186/cc6916
                PMC ID: 2481469
                PubMed ID: 18533029
                SO-VID: f945fcb5-667d-40d5-b729-29bae3f38f3e
                Copyright © Copyright © 2008 Payen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 14 February 2008
                Date revision requested : 17 March 2008
                Date revision received : 20 May 2008
                Date accepted : 4 June 2008
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Emergency medicine & Trauma
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Emergency medicine & Trauma

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