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      Pan-Genome Plasticity and Virulence Factors: A Natural Treasure Trove for Acinetobacter baumannii.

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          Abstract

          Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for a variety of community- and hospital-acquired infections. It is recognized as a life-threatening pathogen among hospitalized individuals and, in particular, immunocompromised patients in many countries. A. baumannii, as a member of the ESKAPE group, encompasses high genomic plasticity and simultaneously is predisposed to receive and exchange the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) through horizontal genetic transfer (HGT). Indeed, A. baumannii is a treasure trove that contains a high number of virulence factors. In accordance with these unique pathogenic characteristics of A. baumannii, the authors aim to discuss the natural treasure trove of pan-genome and virulence factors pertaining to this bacterial monster and try to highlight the reasons why this bacterium is a great concern in the global public health system.

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          Genome analysis of multiple pathogenic isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae: implications for the microbial "pan-genome".

          H Tettelin, V Masignani, M. J. Cieslewicz … (2005)
          The development of efficient and inexpensive genome sequencing methods has revolutionized the study of human bacterial pathogens and improved vaccine design. Unfortunately, the sequence of a single genome does not reflect how genetic variability drives pathogenesis within a bacterial species and also limits genome-wide screens for vaccine candidates or for antimicrobial targets. We have generated the genomic sequence of six strains representing the five major disease-causing serotypes of Streptococcus agalactiae, the main cause of neonatal infection in humans. Analysis of these genomes and those available in databases showed that the S. agalactiae species can be described by a pan-genome consisting of a core genome shared by all isolates, accounting for approximately 80% of any single genome, plus a dispensable genome consisting of partially shared and strain-specific genes. Mathematical extrapolation of the data suggests that the gene reservoir available for inclusion in the S. agalactiae pan-genome is vast and that unique genes will continue to be identified even after sequencing hundreds of genomes.
          Article 0 comments Cited 935 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance

            Sally Partridge, Stephen M. Kwong, Neville Firth … (2018)
            SUMMARY Strains of bacteria resistant to antibiotics, particularly those that are multiresistant, are an increasing major health care problem around the world. It is now abundantly clear that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are able to meet the evolutionary challenge of combating antimicrobial chemotherapy, often by acquiring preexisting resistance determinants from the bacterial gene pool. This is achieved through the concerted activities of mobile genetic elements able to move within or between DNA molecules, which include insertion sequences, transposons, and gene cassettes/integrons, and those that are able to transfer between bacterial cells, such as plasmids and integrative conjugative elements. Together these elements play a central role in facilitating horizontal genetic exchange and therefore promote the acquisition and spread of resistance genes. This review aims to outline the characteristics of the major types of mobile genetic elements involved in acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, focusing on the so-called ESKAPEE group of organisms ( Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Enterobacter spp., and Escherichia coli ), which have become the most problematic hospital pathogens.
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              The microbial pan-genome.

              Duccio Medini, Claudio Donati, Hervé Tettelin … (2005)
              A decade after the beginning of the genomic era, the question of how genomics can describe a bacterial species has not been fully addressed. Experimental data have shown that in some species new genes are discovered even after sequencing the genomes of several strains. Mathematical modeling predicts that new genes will be discovered even after sequencing hundreds of genomes per species. Therefore, a bacterial species can be described by its pan-genome, which is composed of a "core genome" containing genes present in all strains, and a "dispensable genome" containing genes present in two or more strains and genes unique to single strains. Given that the number of unique genes is vast, the pan-genome of a bacterial species might be orders of magnitude larger than any single genome.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Antibiotics (Basel)
                Title: Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
                Publisher: MDPI AG
                ISSN: 2079-6382
                ISSN (Print): 2079-6382
                Publication date (Electronic): Mar 14 2024
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 3
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Microbiology Department, Papanikolaou General Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece.
                [2 ] Microbiology Department, Agios Pavlos General Hospital, 55134 Thessaloniki, Greece.
                [3 ] Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: antibiotics13030257
                DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030257
                PMC ID: 10967457
                PubMed ID: 38534692
                SO-VID: 5e05d1a4-6604-4a83-a026-e9a8df365198
                History

                Keywords: virulence factors,molecular pathogenicity,genome,Acinetobacter baumannii,plasticity
                Data availability:
                Keywords: virulence factors, molecular pathogenicity, genome, Acinetobacter baumannii, plasticity

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