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      EMPLEO DE PLANTAS DE PEPINO COMO AMPLIFICADOR BIOLÓGICO PARA LA DETECCIÓN DEL VIROIDE DEL ENANISMO DEL LÚPULO (HSVd) EN CÍTRICOS Translated title: USE OF CUCUMBER PLANTS FOR THE DETECTION OF HOP STUNT VIROID (HSVd) IN CITRUS

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          Abstract

          El viroide del enanismo del lúpulo (HSVd) es el agente causal de la cachexia de los cítricos, enfermedad que puede ocasionar pérdidas importantes en este cultivo. En Cuba se ha informado la presencia del HSVd en cítricos en un alto porcentaje de plantas y se dispone de métodos de detección basados en ensayos biológicos en plantas y su combinación con el análisis de los ácidos nucleicos mediante electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida e hibridación de ácidos nucleicos. Estos métodos involucran un paso previo de inoculación en un amplificador biológico cítrico, a partir del cual se analizan los ácidos nucleicos, lo cual impone como limitante el requisito de al menos tres meses de incubación. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido desarrollar una metodología para la detección de las variantes de secuencias del HSVd presentes en cítricos mediante el empleo de plantas de pepino (Cucumis sativus L. var. Japonés) como amplificador biológico intermedio que supera en rapidez al existente en la actualidad sin detrimento de su eficacia. Para ello se evaluaron controles positivos de plantas de cítricos provenientes de campo. Los resultados definieron una metodología para el diagnóstico del HSVd en plantas cítricas provenientes de campo en la que se combina la amplificación biológica intermedia en plantas de pepino y la detección mediante la hibridación de ácidos nucleicos. Esta metodología presentó una eficacia de un 98.9% y requirió un tiempo de replicación del viroide en la planta de 14 días, el cual resulta inferior al de la metodología empleada actualmente. Su empleo podría disminuir el tiempo para la toma de decisiones de medidas de control y el período de riesgo, aspectos de gran relevancia para los servicios especializados que garantizan la calidad fitosanitaria del material de propagación.

          Translated abstract

          Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) is the etiological agent of citrus cachexia and it can cause considerable losses in this crop. In Cuba, HSVd has been reported occurring in a high percentage of plants in different citrus areas, and works concerning its detection have been mainly based on biological assays and their combination with nucleic acid analysis by polyacrilamida gel electrophoresis and nucleic acid hybridization. These methods involve a previous step of inoculating a citrus biological amplifier before nucleic acids can be analyzed. It imposes a restrictive requirement of incubation for at least three months. The objective of the present work was to develop a new methodology for detecting HSVd in citrus plants using cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. var. Japanese) as an intermediate biological amplifier that requires a shortest incubation time than the amplifier presently used without affecting its effectiveness. Positive citrus plants controls from field were evaluated and compared with reference methods. The results defined a methodology for HSVd diagnosis in citrus where the intermediate biological amplification in cucumber plants is combined with detection by nucleic acid hybridization. This methodology showed an effectiveness of 98.9% and required a replication time of the viroid in the plant of 14 days, shorter than that presently required. Its use could diminish the time of decision taken of control measures and the risk period, both aspects that are of great importance for the specialized services that guarantee the propagation material phytosanitary quality.

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          Most cited references25

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          Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual.

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            Viroids: an Ariadne's thread into the RNA labyrinth.

            Viroids are structurally, functionally and evolutionarily different from viruses. Despite their small, non-protein-encoding, single-stranded circular RNA genome, viroids can infect higher plants and cause certain diseases. Members of the two viroid families, Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae, have evolved to usurp the transcriptional machinery of their host nuclei and chloroplasts, respectively, in which replication proceeds through a rolling-circle mechanism involving RNA polymerization, cleavage and ligation. Remarkably, viroids subvert certain DNA-dependent RNA polymerases to transcribe RNA templates, and, in the family Avsunviroidae, post-transcriptional cleavage is catalysed by hammerhead ribozymes. Viroids are models for studying RNA evolution and for analysing RNA transport in plants, because they can move intracellularly, intercellularly through plasmodesmata and to distal parts of the plant through the vascular system. Viroids elicit RNA-silencing phenomena, which might mediate some of their biological properties, including pathogenesis. As some viroids behave as catalytic RNAs, they are regarded as remnants of the RNA world.
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              Viroids: the minimal non-coding RNAs with autonomous replication.

              Viroids are small (246-401 nucleotides), non-coding, circular RNAs able to replicate autonomously in certain plants. Viroids are classified into the families Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae, whose members replicate in the nucleus and chloroplast, respectively. Replication occurs by an RNA-based rolling-circle mechanism in three steps: (1). synthesis of longer-than-unit strands catalyzed by host DNA-dependent RNA polymerases forced to transcribe RNA templates, (2). processing to unit-length, which in family Avsunviroidae is mediated by hammerhead ribozymes, and (3). circularization either through an RNA ligase or autocatalytically. Disease induction might result from the accumulation of viroid-specific small interfering RNAs that, via RNA silencing, could interfere with normal developmental pathways.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpv
                Revista de Protección Vegetal
                Rev. Protección Veg.
                Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (La Habana, , Cuba )
                1010-2752
                2224-4697
                April 2008
                : 23
                : 1
                : 01-10
                Affiliations
                [02] Ciudad de La Habana orgnameUniversidad de La Habana orgdiv1Facultad de Biología Cuba
                [01] La Habana orgnameCentro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA) orgdiv1Dirección de Protección de Plantas Cuba msoto@ 123456censa.edu.cu
                [03] Ciudad de La Habana orgnameInstituto de Investigaciones en Fruticultura Tropical (IIFT) Cuba
                Article
                S1010-27522008000100001 S1010-2752(08)02300101
                003ca903-f476-403d-8cb3-0c9fae004553

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 November 2005
                : 26 March 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                TRABAJOS ORIGINALES

                detection,cítricos,NASH,detección,viroide,HSVd,citrus,viroid
                detection, cítricos, NASH, detección, viroide, HSVd, citrus, viroid

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