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      Comparing students' performance in self-directed and directed self-learning in College of Medicine, University of Bisha

      research-article
      , MD a , b , , MD b , , MD c , , MD d , e , , MD f , , MD q , , MD f , g , , MD a , h , , MD i , r , , MD j , p , , MD r , , MD k , n , , MD l , , MD n , , MD m , r , , MD a , n , , MD p , , MD n , o , *
      Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
      Taibah University
      التعلم القائم على حل المشكلات, التعلم القائم على الفريق, التعلم الذاتي, التعلم الذاتي الموجه, مؤشر الصعوبة, نقطة ثنائية, Difficulty index, Directed self-learning, Point biserial, Problem-based learning, Self-directed learning, Team-based learning

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          Abstract

          Background

          Student-centered learning strategy increases the likelihood of graduation of competent, self-dependent, and problem-solving physicians. The University of Bisha, College of Medicine (UBCOM) adopted self-directed learning (SDL) represented by problem-based learning (PBL), and directed self-learning (DSL) represented by team-based learning (TBL).

          Aim

          To compare the students’ performance in SDL and DSL among UBCOM students.

          Methodology

          A total of 502 multiple choice questions (MCQs) from the mid-course and final exams were collected by the relevant subject experts from nine courses during the period from September 2020 till June 2023 that adopted PBL and TBL; 247 MCQs related to PBL and 255 related to TBL. Psychometric analysis was used to determine difficult, easy, and optimum questions (≤25%, ≥90%, and 26–89%, respectively). Point biserial as <0.19, 0.20–0.29, 0.30–0.39, and >0.40 which indicate poor, marginal, good, and excellent point biserial, respectively. Finally, the number of functional distractors was attempted by >5% of the candidates.

          Results

          No significant differences were noted for the students’ performance in MCQs related to PBL (representing self-directed, small group learning tool), and TBL (representing directed-self, large group learning tool) regarding difficulty index (DI), point biserial, and distractors functionality.

          Conclusion

          It has been observed that there is no difference in students’ performance whether PBL or TBL is used for learning Basic Medical Science courses. Small group learning such as PBL needs more resources in comparison to large group learning as in TBL, therefore any institute can decide on the adopted learning strategy depending on its resources and the number of students.

          الملخص

          أهداف البحث

          تزيد استراتيجية التعلم المرتكز على الطالب من احتمالية تخريج أطباء أكفاء ومعتمدين على أنفسهم وقادرين على حل المشكلات. اعتمدت كلية الطب بجامعة بيشة التعلم الموجه ذاتيا ممثلا بالتعلم القائم على حل المشكلات، والتعلم الذاتي الموجه ممثلا بالتعلم القائم على الفريق.

          طريقة البحث

          تم جمع ما مجموعه 502 سؤالا من أسئلة متعددة الخيارات من اختبارات منتصف المقرر والامتحانات النهائية من قبل خبراء المواد ذات الصلة من تسع دورات خلال الفترة من سبتمبر 2020 حتى يونيو 2023 والتي اعتمدت التعلم القائم على حل المشكلات والتعلم القائم على الفريق؛ 247 سؤالا متعدد الأسئلة تتعلق بالتعلم القائم على حل المشكلات و255 سؤالا يتعلق بالتعلم القائم على الفريق. تم استخدام التحليل السيكومتري لتحديد الأسئلة الصعبة والسهلة والأمثل. نقطة ثنائية حيث تشير إلى نقطة ثنائية ضعيفة وهامشية وجيدة وممتازة على التوالي. وأخيرا، تمت محاولة عدد المشتتات الوظيفية بنسبة تزيد عن 5% من المرشحين.

          النتائج

          لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في أداء الطلاب في الاسئلة متعددة الاختيارات المتعلقة بالتعلم المبني على المشكلات (يمثل أداة التعلم الموجه ذاتيا للمجموعات الصغيرة)، والتعلم المبني على الفريق (يمثل أداة التعلم الموجه ذاتيا للمجموعات الكبيرة) فيما يتعلق بمؤشر الصعوبة، ووظائف تشتيت الانتباه.

          الاستنتاجات

          لوحظ أنه لا يوجد فرق في أداء الطلاب سواء تم استخدام التعلم القائم على حل المشكلات أو التعلم القائم على الفريق لتعلم مقررات العلوم الطبية الأساسية. يحتاج التعلم في مجموعات صغيرة مثل التعلم القائم على حل المشكلات إلى موارد أكثر مقارنة بالتعلم في مجموعات كبيرة كما هو الحال في التعلم القائم على الفريق، وبالتالي يمكن لأي كلية أن تقرر استراتيجية التعلم المعتمدة على مواردها وعدد طلابها.

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          Most cited references45

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          Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics.

          To test the hypothesis that lecturing maximizes learning and course performance, we metaanalyzed 225 studies that reported data on examination scores or failure rates when comparing student performance in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses under traditional lecturing versus active learning. The effect sizes indicate that on average, student performance on examinations and concept inventories increased by 0.47 SDs under active learning (n = 158 studies), and that the odds ratio for failing was 1.95 under traditional lecturing (n = 67 studies). These results indicate that average examination scores improved by about 6% in active learning sections, and that students in classes with traditional lecturing were 1.5 times more likely to fail than were students in classes with active learning. Heterogeneity analyses indicated that both results hold across the STEM disciplines, that active learning increases scores on concept inventories more than on course examinations, and that active learning appears effective across all class sizes--although the greatest effects are in small (n ≤ 50) classes. Trim and fill analyses and fail-safe n calculations suggest that the results are not due to publication bias. The results also appear robust to variation in the methodological rigor of the included studies, based on the quality of controls over student quality and instructor identity. This is the largest and most comprehensive metaanalysis of undergraduate STEM education published to date. The results raise questions about the continued use of traditional lecturing as a control in research studies, and support active learning as the preferred, empirically validated teaching practice in regular classrooms.
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            Lecture halls without lectures--a proposal for medical education.

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              Vodcasts and active-learning exercises in a "flipped classroom" model of a renal pharmacotherapy module.

              To implement a "flipped classroom" model for a renal pharmacotherapy topic module and assess the impact on pharmacy students' performance and attitudes. Students viewed vodcasts (video podcasts) of lectures prior to the scheduled class and then discussed interactive cases of patients with end-stage renal disease in class. A process-oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) activity was developed and implemented that complemented, summarized, and allowed for application of the material contained in the previously viewed lectures. Students' performance on the final examination significantly improved compared to performance of students the previous year who completed the same module in a traditional classroom setting. Students' opinions of the POGIL activity and the flipped classroom instructional model were mostly positive. Implementing a flipped classroom model to teach a renal pharmacotherapy module resulted in improved student performance and favorable student perceptions about the instructional approach. Some of the factors that may have contributed to students' improved scores included: student mediated contact with the course material prior to classes, benchmark and formative assessments administered during the module, and the interactive class activities.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Taibah Univ Med Sci
                J Taibah Univ Med Sci
                Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
                Taibah University
                1658-3612
                15 May 2024
                June 2024
                15 May 2024
                : 19
                : 3
                : 696-704
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                [b ]Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                [c ]Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                [d ]Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                [e ]Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
                [f ]Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                [g ]Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Gezira state, Sudan
                [h ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                [i ]Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
                [j ]Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
                [k ]Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
                [l ]Department of General Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                [m ]Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kordofan, El Obeid, Sudan
                [n ]Department of Microorganisms and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                [o ]Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
                [p ]Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                [q ]Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                [r ]Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding address: Department of Microorganisms and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia. aymanpara@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                S1658-3612(24)00041-6
                10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.05.003
                11143900
                38827496
                ab64a10e-e4b6-473b-b21c-71777222875b
                © 2024 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 2 December 2023
                : 6 March 2024
                : 3 May 2024
                Categories
                Original Article

                التعلم القائم على حل المشكلات,التعلم القائم على الفريق,التعلم الذاتي,التعلم الذاتي الموجه,مؤشر الصعوبة,نقطة ثنائية,difficulty index,directed self-learning,point biserial,problem-based learning,self-directed learning,team-based learning

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