Objective: To analyze the correlation between poor vision and boarding at school among rural students in western China, and to provide evidences for effective interventions on poor vision.
Methods: We conducted questionnaire surveys and visual acuity examinations among 58 684 students in 429 rural schools in Shaanxi and Gansu province in 2012 and 2016. A standardized questionnaire and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart were used in the surveys.
Results: The prevalence rate of poor vision was 31.45% and 57.6% among the students of 4th – 6th and 7th – 9th grade. Significantly higher prevalence rate of poor vision was observed among the girl students, junior high school students, the students with their parents not living at home, the students with parental education of under junior high school, the students in Shaanxi province, and among the students surveyed in 2016 ( P < 0.001 for all). For the students in 6th or upper grade, the prevalence rate of poor vision was significantly higher among those not boarding at school than among those boarding at school ( P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that girl students, junior high school students, the students with parental education of higher than junior high school, and the students surveyed in 2016 were more likely to have poor vision ( P < 0.05 for all). Furthermore, multivariate linear regression and matching analysis indicated that the students not boarding at school were significantly more likely to have poor vision and severe poor vision (both P < 0.1).
Conclusion: Among the students in rural western China, the prevalence of poor vision is high and influenced mainly by gender, study grade, parental education, and whether boarding at school and whether boarding at school associates with the prevalence of poor vision and non-boarding students may have a higher poor vision prevalence than boarding students.
［摘 要］ 目的 围绕西部农村地区青少年视力健康与住校的相关关系进行研究, 以期为青少年视力不良防控提供科学依据。 方法 在陕西、甘肃省 23 个县抽取 429 所学校 58 684 名中小学生进行标准化问卷调查, 并采用糖尿病视网膜病变早期治疗研究 (ETDRS) 视力表进行视力筛查。 结果 4～6 年级视力不良发生率为 31.45 %, 7～9 年级视力不良率为 57.76 %。女生、初中生、父母不在家住、父母文化程度初中以上、陕西省和 2016 年的学生视力不良发生率更高, 差异均有统计学意义 (均 P = 0.000) 。初中生、父母不在家住、父母文化程度初中以下、陕西省以及 2016 年学生的住校率更高, 差异均有统计学意义 (均 P = 0.000) 。自 6 年级起, 非住校生视力不良发生率显著高于住校生 (均 P < 0.05) 。多因素 logistic 回归分析表明, 女生、初中生、父母文化程度初中以上以及 2016 年的学生视力不良发生率更高 (均 P = 0.000), 且非住校生高于住校生 (均 P = 0.004) 。多元线性回归及匹配分析均发现, 非住校生视力不良的发生率更高 ( P < 0.1), 程度更深 ( P < 0.05), 视力更差 ( P < 0.05) 。 结论 西部农村中小学生视力不良发生率高; 性别、年级、父母文化程度、住校是影响视力不良发生率的主要因素; 住校与视力不良发生率显著相关, 且非住校生的视力不良发病率更高, 视力不良程度更深。