Differences in the Antigens ofHelicobacter pyloriStrains Influence on the Innate Immune Response in theIn VitroExperiments

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Abstract

The immune response toHelicobacter pyloriimportantly determines the pathogenesis of infection as well as the success of antibiotic eradication of the bacteria. Strains ofH. pyloriwere gathered from 14 patients who failed to eradicateH. pyloriinfection with antibiotics—therapy resistant strains (TRS)—or from patients who were able to eradicateH. pyloriinfection—therapy susceptible strains (TSS). The THP-1 cells were stimulated withH. pyloriantigens. Cathepsin X expression on THP-1 cells and concentration of cytokines in the supernatant of THP-1 cells were measured with a flow cytometer. TSSH. pyloriantigens increased the proportion of cathepsin X positive cells compared to TRSH. pyloriantigens. TSSH. pyloriantigens induced higher secretion of IL-12 and IL-6 compared to TRSH. pyloriantigens ( P < 0.001 ; 0.02). Polymyxin B, a lipid A inhibitor, lowered the secretion of IL-12 and IL-6 in TRS and TSS. We demonstrated aH. pyloristrain-dependent cathepsin X and cytokine expression that can be associated withH. pyloriresistance to eradication due to lack of effective immune response. Differences in lipid A ofH. pylorimight have an influence on the insufficient immune response, especially on phagocytosis.

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Helicobacter pylori infection.

Sebastian Suerbaum, Pierre Michetti (2002)

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Monocytes, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and THP-1 Cells Exhibit Different Cytokine Expression Patterns following Stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide

Anita Schildberger, Eva Rossmanith, Tanja Eichhorn … (2013)

THP-1 cells are widely applied to mimic monocytes in cell culture models. In this study, we compared the cytokine release from THP-1, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocytes, or whole blood after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and investigated the consequences of different cytokine profiles on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) activation. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa-stimulated (10 ng/mL) THP-1 secreted similar amounts of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ) as monocytes and PBMC, they produced lower amounts of interleukin(IL)-8 and no IL-6 and IL-10. Whole blood required a higher concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1000 ng/mL) to induce cytokine release than isolated monocytes or PBMC (10 ng/mL). HUVEC secreted more IL-6 and IL-8 after stimulation with conditioned medium derived from whole blood than from THP-1, despite equal concentrations of TNF- α in both media. Specific adsorption of TNF- α or selective cytokine adsorption from the conditioned media prior to HUVEC stimulation significantly reduced HUVEC activation. Our findings show that THP-1 differ from monocytes, PBMC, and whole blood with respect to cytokine release after stimulation with LPS. Additionally, we could demonstrate that adsorption of inflammatory mediators results in reduced endothelial activation, which supports the concept of extracorporeal mediator modulation as supportive therapy for sepsis.

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Lysosomal cysteine proteases regulate antigen presentation.

Karen Honey, Alexander Rudensky (2003)

Antigen presentation by both classical MHC class II molecules and the non-classical MHC class I-like molecule CD1D requires their entry into the endosomal/lysosomal compartment. Lysosomal cysteine proteases constitute an important subset of the enzymes that are present in this compartment and, here, we discuss the role of these proteases in regulating antigen presentation by both MHC class II and CD1D molecules.