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      [Cardiovascular alterations and sudden death in epilepsy].

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          Abstract

          Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death . The cause of SUDEP is still unknown, however, the most commonly suggested mechanisms are cardiac abnormalities. Based on this, in this review the relationship between SUDEP and cardiac abnormalities has been emphasized.

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          Cardiac troponin levels following monitored epileptic seizures.

          Jeffrey Britton, F Andreasen, Jeffrey B. Woodruff … (2003)
          Cardiac arrhythmia associated with myocardial injury is a proposed mechanism for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. The authors measured serial cardiac troponin levels in 11 patients after monitored seizures. Using highly sensitive assays and criteria, no troponin elevations were seen, indicating that myocardial injury does not occur during uncomplicated seizures. An elevation in postictal troponin elevations should suggest the presence of cardiac injury secondary to neurocardiogenic mechanisms or primary cardiac factors, prompting further evaluation.
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            Mechanisms of action for the commonly used antiepileptic drugs: relevance to antiepileptic drug-associated neurobehavioral adverse effects.

            Gregory L. Holmes, Raman Sankar (2004)
            Antiepileptic drugs exert their anticonvulsant effects by interfering with brain processes that involve structures that are also involved in learning, memory, and emotional behavior. Thus, modulation of ion channels, neurotransmitters, second messengers, and other processes by antiepileptic drugs, although helpful in controlling seizures, can interfere with normal brain function in undesired ways. The specific mechanism(s) of action of an antiepileptic drug can increase the risk for particular types of adverse events. In this review, we examine the cognitive and behavioral effects of antiepileptic drugs in animal models. Although animal studies, in many respects, do not mimic clinical experience, the data suggest a connection between certain mechanisms of antiepileptic action and the occurrence of cognitive adverse effects. Specifically, antiepileptic drugs with traditional gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic mechanisms have the most detrimental effects on cognitive function, possibly because they impair attention. Conversely, drugs with the predominant effects at Na+ channels appear to have minimal impact on cognition. Levetiracetam, with its nonconventional GABAergic and Ca2+ channel effects, has shown positive cognitive effects in animal studies. Antiglutamatergic drugs have the potential to be a double-edged sword: they can interfere with consolidation of learning and memory but can also provide neuroprotection in addition to their antiseizure effects.
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              Cardiac troponin levels following monitored epileptic seizures.

              Claudia Stollberger, J Finsterer (2004)
              Article 0 comments Cited 4 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Arq Neuropsiquiatr
                Title: Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria
                Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
                ISSN: 0004-282X
                ISSN (Print): 0004-282X
                Publication date (Electronic): Jun 2007
                Volume: 65
                Issue: 2B
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Neurologia Experimental da Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo SP, Brasil. scorza.nexp@epm.br
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S0004-282X2007000300019
                DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2007000300019
                PubMed ID: 17665016
                SO-VID: 719c5eb5-496a-43f4-bb2d-3d74c42b9e2d
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