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      Alterações cardiovasculares e morte súbita nas epilepsias Translated title: Cardiovascular alterations and sudden death in epilepsy

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          Abstract

          A epilepsia é a doença neurológica crônica grave mais comum e o fenômeno da morte súbita nas epilepsias (SUDEP) é a causa direta de morte mais importante nesta doença. A causa da SUDEP ainda é desconhecida, no entanto, alterações cardiovasculares têm sido sugeridas como os mecanismos mais comuns. Sendo assim, enfatizamos nesta revisão a relação existente entre SUDEP e alterações cardiovasculares.

          Translated abstract

          Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death . The cause of SUDEP is still unknown, however, the most commonly suggested mechanisms are cardiac abnormalities. Based on this, in this review the relationship between SUDEP and cardiac abnormalities has been emphasized.

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          Cardiac troponin levels following monitored epileptic seizures.

          Cardiac arrhythmia associated with myocardial injury is a proposed mechanism for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. The authors measured serial cardiac troponin levels in 11 patients after monitored seizures. Using highly sensitive assays and criteria, no troponin elevations were seen, indicating that myocardial injury does not occur during uncomplicated seizures. An elevation in postictal troponin elevations should suggest the presence of cardiac injury secondary to neurocardiogenic mechanisms or primary cardiac factors, prompting further evaluation.
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            Mechanisms of action for the commonly used antiepileptic drugs: relevance to antiepileptic drug-associated neurobehavioral adverse effects.

            Antiepileptic drugs exert their anticonvulsant effects by interfering with brain processes that involve structures that are also involved in learning, memory, and emotional behavior. Thus, modulation of ion channels, neurotransmitters, second messengers, and other processes by antiepileptic drugs, although helpful in controlling seizures, can interfere with normal brain function in undesired ways. The specific mechanism(s) of action of an antiepileptic drug can increase the risk for particular types of adverse events. In this review, we examine the cognitive and behavioral effects of antiepileptic drugs in animal models. Although animal studies, in many respects, do not mimic clinical experience, the data suggest a connection between certain mechanisms of antiepileptic action and the occurrence of cognitive adverse effects. Specifically, antiepileptic drugs with traditional gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic mechanisms have the most detrimental effects on cognitive function, possibly because they impair attention. Conversely, drugs with the predominant effects at Na+ channels appear to have minimal impact on cognition. Levetiracetam, with its nonconventional GABAergic and Ca2+ channel effects, has shown positive cognitive effects in animal studies. Antiglutamatergic drugs have the potential to be a double-edged sword: they can interfere with consolidation of learning and memory but can also provide neuroprotection in addition to their antiseizure effects.
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              Cardiac troponin levels following monitored epileptic seizures.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                anp
                Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
                Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.
                Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO (São Paulo )
                1678-4227
                June 2007
                : 65
                : 2b
                : 461-466
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Brasil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0004-282X2007000300019
                10.1590/S0004-282X2007000300019
                719c5eb5-496a-43f4-bb2d-3d74c42b9e2d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-282X&lng=en
                Categories
                NEUROSCIENCES
                PSYCHIATRY

                Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                epilepsy,SUDEP,cardiac alterations,antiepileptic drugs,epilepsia,alterações cardiovasculares,drogas antiepilépticas

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