Nafamostat in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomised Phase II clinical trial.

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Nafamostat, a serine protease inhibitor, has been used for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation and pancreatitis. In vitro studies and clinical reports suggest its beneficial effect in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Related collections

Most cited references 22

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

Wei-jie Guan, Zheng-yi Ni, Yu Hu … (2020)

Abstract Background Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients. Methods We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Results The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were female. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), including 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a history of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had contact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The most common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during hospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median incubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of 877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with severe disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on admission. Conclusions During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. (Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.)

0 comments Cited 13874 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

Peng Zhou, Xing-Lou Yang, Xian-Guang Wang … (2020)

Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18 years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats 1–4 . Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans 5–7 . Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor—angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)—as SARS-CoV.

0 comments Cited 10396 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Markus Hoffmann, Hannah Kleine-Weber, Simon Schroeder … (2020)

Summary The recent emergence of the novel, pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China and its rapid national and international spread pose a global health emergency. Cell entry of coronaviruses depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to cellular receptors and on S protein priming by host cell proteases. Unravelling which cellular factors are used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission and reveal therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. A TMPRSS2 inhibitor approved for clinical use blocked entry and might constitute a treatment option. Finally, we show that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized SARS-2-S-driven entry. Our results reveal important commonalities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection and identify a potential target for antiviral intervention.

0 comments Cited 10014 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): EClinicalMedicine

Title: EClinicalMedicine

Publisher: Elsevier BV

ISSN (Electronic): 2589-5370

ISSN (Print): 2589-5370

Publication date (Electronic): Nov 2021

Volume: 41

Affiliations

[1 ] State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of Health Department of Moscow", Russia.

[2 ] St Petersburg State Budgetary Health Pokrovskaya City Hospital, St Petersburg, Russia.

[3 ] St Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "City Aleksandrovskaya Hospital", St Petersburg, Russia.

[4 ] V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Regional State Budgetary Healthcare Institution, "Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Hospital", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

[5 ] St Petersburg State Budget Healthcare Institution City Hospital 15, St Petersburg, Russia.

[6 ] Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm., Seoul, South Korea.

Article

Publisher Item ID: S2589-5370(21)00449-1

DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101169

PMC ID: 8548051

PubMed ID: 34723164

SO-VID: 4c6ebaf9-8b27-42e3-9bf0-4a314317d9e0

History

Keywords: COVID-19,Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19),Nafamostat,Nafamostat mesilate,Pneumonia,Russia,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),randomized clinical trial

Data availability:

Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), Nafamostat, Nafamostat mesilate, Pneumonia, Russia, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), randomized clinical trial

Nafamostat in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomised Phase II clinical trial.

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 22

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 251

Cited by 32

Most referenced authors 2,197