Assessment of Community Pharmacy Professionals’ Attitude and Perception Towards Ethical Issues in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey 2020

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this study was to assess the attitude and perception of community pharmacy professionals’ towards ethical issues.

Methods

We have undertaken a cross-sectional study among community pharmacy professionals in three selected towns (Gondar, Bahir Dar, and Debra Markos) of Amhara region in Ethiopia from February to March 2020. All community pharmacy professionals who were giving services during the data collection period were the study population. We used a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire developed from a review of previous study. Epi-info 7.1 was used for data entry, and SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Logistic regression was done, and a variable with a p-value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval was considered to be associated with outcome variable.

Results

A total of 305 community pharmacy professionals participated in the study with a response rate of 95.3%. About 252 (82.6%) of respondents received education regarding professional ethics. Majority (89.8%) of the participants had ever accessed ethical information at their work site. Only 145 (47.5%) participants had ever recorded ethical issues in their working site. The most common reasons that obstruct to explain ethical issues to customers were shortage of time (85.9%), unavailability of reliable resources (40.0%), and poor ethical knowledge (37.7%). The reporting rate of respondents is less than 50% for most ethical scenarios. Sex, age, educational status, work experience, number of customers per day, working site, information about ethics, and training about ethics were observed to have a significant association with attitude and perception of community pharmacy professionals towards ethical issues.

Conclusion

Community pharmacy professionals had poor attitude and perception towards ethical issues. Interventions should be devised to uphold ethical awareness of community pharmacy professionals. A large-scale study is also recommended.

Related collections

Most cited references 37

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Patient Empowerment and its neighbours: clarifying the boundaries and their mutual relationships.

Lia Fumagalli, Giovanni Radaelli, Emanuele Lettieri … (2015)

Patients are increasingly encouraged to become active players in self-care and shared decision-making. Such attention has led to an explosion of terms - empowerment, engagement, enablement, participation, involvement, activation - each having multiple and overlapping meanings. The resulting ambiguity inhibits an effective use of existing evidence. This study addresses this problem by delivering an evidence-based concept mapping of these terms that delineates their boundaries and mutual relationships. We implemented a literature review of contributions associated to patient empowerment, activation, engagement, enablement, involvement, and participation. We implemented a keyword-based strategy collecting contributions published in PubMed database in the 1990-2013 timespan. A total of 286 articles were selected. The results identified three distinct interpretation of patient empowerment, either conceived as a process, an emergent state or as a participative behaviour. Most definitions recognize empowerment as the combination of ability, motivation and power opportunities. A concept mapping for patient empowerment, activation, enablement, engagement, involvement, and participation was then delineated. The concept map consists of two dimensions (nature and focus of concept) and marks distinctions and relationships between the concepts. The resulting concept map paves the way for a number of future research directions that can help improve our understanding of the antecedents and consequences of patient empowerment policies.

0 comments Cited 87 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

From "retailers" to health care providers: Transforming the role of community pharmacists in chronic disease management.

Elias Mossialos, Emilie Courtin, Huseyin Naci … (2015)

Community pharmacists are the third largest healthcare professional group in the world after physicians and nurses. Despite their considerable training, community pharmacists are the only health professionals who are not primarily rewarded for delivering health care and hence are under-utilized as public health professionals. An emerging consensus among academics, professional organizations, and policymakers is that community pharmacists, who work outside of hospital settings, should adopt an expanded role in order to contribute to the safe, effective, and efficient use of drugs-particularly when caring for people with multiple chronic conditions. Community pharmacists could help to improve health by reducing drug-related adverse events and promoting better medication adherence, which in turn may help in reducing unnecessary provider visits, hospitalizations, and readmissions while strengthening integrated primary care delivery across the health system. This paper reviews recent strategies to expand the role of community pharmacists in Australia, Canada, England, the Netherlands, Scotland, and the United States. The developments achieved or under way in these countries carry lessons for policymakers world-wide, where progress thus far in expanding the role of community pharmacists has been more limited. Future policies should focus on effectively integrating community pharmacists into primary care; developing a shared vision for different levels of pharmacist services; and devising new incentive mechanisms for improving quality and outcomes.

0 comments Cited 86 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care.

C D Hepler, L Strand (1990)

Pharmacy's opportunity to mature as a profession by accepting its social responsibility to reduce preventable drug-related morbidity and mortality is explored. Pharmacy has shed the apothecary role but has not yet been restored to its erst-while importance in medical care. It is not enough to dispense the correct drug or to provide sophisticated pharmaceutical services; nor will it be sufficient to devise new technical functions. Pharmacists and their institutions must stop looking inward and start redirecting their energies to the greater social good. Some 12,000 deaths and 15,000 hospitalizations due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported to the FDA in 1987, and many went unreported. Drug-related morbidity and mortality are often preventable, and pharmaceutical services can reduce the number of ADRs, the length of hospital stays, and the cost of care. Pharmacists must abandon factionalism and adopt patient-centered pharmaceutical care as their philosophy of practice. Changing the focus of practice from products and biological systems to ensuring the best drug therapy and patient safety will raise pharmacy's level of responsibility and require philosophical, organizational, and functional changes. It will be necessary to set new practice standards, establish cooperative relationships with other health-care professions, and determine strategies for marketing pharmaceutical care. Pharmacy's reprofessionalization will be completed only when all pharmacists accept their social mandate to ensure the safe and effective drug therapy of the individual patient.

0 comments Cited 81 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Risk Manag Healthc Policy

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Risk Manag Healthc Policy

Journal ID (publisher-id): rmhp

Journal ID (pmc): rmhp

Title: Risk Management and Healthcare Policy

Publisher: Dove

ISSN (Electronic): 1179-1594

Publication date (Electronic): 02 October 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 14

Pages: 4127-4139

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar , Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

[2 ]Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar , Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

[3 ]Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Author notes

Correspondence: Wudneh Simegn Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar , P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Amhara Region, EthiopiaTel +251 918161950 Email wudusim@gmail.com

Author information

Wudneh Simegn http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4070-2010

Berhanemeskel Weldegerima http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-9958

Alem Endeshaw http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6034-0862

Abdulwase Mohammed http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-7253

Dawit Wondimsigegn http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-0460

Henok Dagne http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-0904

Article

Publisher ID: 328328

DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S328328

PMC ID: 8495226

SO-VID: 98559099-8644-4b77-9b6a-6294576d0579

License:

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

History

Date received : 14 July 2021

Date accepted : 11 September 2021

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 6, References: 40, Pages: 13

Funding

Funded by: not funded;

This research was not funded by any agent.

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Cited by 1

The magnitude and predictors of self-medication amongst street dwellers in Ethiopia: a multicentre study
Authors: Tirsit Ketsela Zeleke, Bekalu Dessie Alamirew, Zegaye Agmassie Bazezew …

See all cited by

Most referenced authors 237

See all reference authors

Assessment of Community Pharmacy Professionals’ Attitude and Perception Towards Ethical Issues in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey 2020

Read this article at

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

Annual Reviews Science, Policy, and Public Impact

Most cited references 37

Patient Empowerment and its neighbours: clarifying the boundaries and their mutual relationships.

From "retailers" to health care providers: Transforming the role of community pharmacists in chronic disease management.

Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Page count

Funding

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 59

Cited by 1

Most referenced authors 237