http://fs.unm.edu/FlorentinSmarandache.htm
In geometry he introduced the degree of negation of an axiom or of a theorem (see the Smarandache geometries which can be partially Euclidean and partially non-Euclidean, 1969), the multi-structure (see the Smarandache n-structures, where a weak structure contains an island of a stronger structure), and multi-space (a combination of heterogeneous spaces). He created and studied many sequences and functions in number theory.
He generalized the fuzzy, intuitive, paraconsistent, multi-valent, dialetheist logics to the 'neutrosophic logic' (see Denis Howe's Dictionary of Computing, England) and, similarly, he generalized the fuzzy set to the 'neutrosophic set' (and its derivatives: 'paraconsistent set', 'intuitionistic set', 'dialethist set', 'paradoxist set', 'tautological set'). Also, he proposed an extension of the classical probability and the imprecise probability to the 'neutrosophic probability', that he defined as a tridimensional vector whose components are real subsets of the non-standard interval ]-0, 1+[. In 2007 he extended the neutrosophic set to Neutrosophic Overset (when some neutrosophic component is > 1), and to Neutrosophic Underset (when some neutrosophic component is < 0), and to Neutrosophic Offset (when some neutrosophic components are off the interval [0, 1], i.e. some neutrosophic component > 1 and some neutrosophic component < 0). Then, similar extensions to respectively Neutrosophic Over/Under/Off Logic, Measure, Probability, Statistics etc. http://fs.unm.edu/NeutrosophicOversetUndersetOffset.pdf
Since 2002, with Dr. Jean Dezert, worked in information fusion and generalized the Dempster-Shafer Theory to a new theory of plausible and paradoxist fusion (Dezert-Smarandache Theory): http://fs.unm.edu/DSmT.htm . In 2004 he designed an algorithm for the Unification of Fusion Theories and rules (UFT) used in bioinformatics, robotics, military.
In physics he found a series of paradoxes (see the quantum smarandache paradoxes), and considered the possibility of a third form of matter, called unmatter, which is a combination of matter and antimatter - presented at Caltech (American Physical Society Annual Meeting, 2010) and at the Institute of Atomic Physics (Magurele, Romania - 2011).
Based on a 1972 manuscript, when a student in Rm. Valcea, he published in 1982 the hypothesis that 'there is no speed barrier in the universe and one can construct any speed, ( http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/SmarandacheHypothesis.html ), which was partially validated on September 22, 2011, when researchers at CERN experimentally proved that the muon neutrino particles travel with a speed greater than the speed of light.
Upon his hypothesis he proposed an Absolute Theory of Relativity [free of time dilation, space contraction, relativistic simultaneities and relativistic paradoxes which look alike science fiction not fact]. Then he extended his research to a more diversified Parameterized Special Theory of Relativity (1982): http://fs.unm.edu/ParameterizedSTR.pdf and generalized the Lorentz Contraction Factor to the Oblique-Contraction Factor for lengths moving at an oblique angle with respect to the motion direction, then he found the Angle-Distortion Equations (1983): http://fs.unm.edu/NewRelativisticParadoxes.pdf . He considered that the speed of light in vacuum is variable, depending on the moving reference frame; that space and time are separated entities; also the redshift and blueshift are not entirely due to the Doppler Effect, but also to the Medium Gradient and Refraction Index (which are determined by the medium composition: i.e. its physical elements, fields, density, heterogeneity, properties, etc.); and that the space is not curved and the light near massive cosmic bodies bends not because of the gravity only as the General Theory of Relativity asserts (Gravitational Lensing), but because of the Medium Lensing.
In order to make the distinction between “clock” and “time”, he suggested a first experiment with different clock types for the GPS clocks, for proving that the resulted dilation and contraction factors are different from those obtained with the cesium atomic clock; and a second experiment with different medium compositions for proving that different degrees of redshifts/blushifts and different degrees of medium lensing would result.
In philosophy he introduced in 1995 the 'neutrosophy', as a generalization of Hegel's dialectic, which is the basement of his researches in mathematics and economics, such as 'neutrosophic logic', 'neutrosophic set', 'neutrosophic probability', 'neutrosophic statistics'.
Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This theory considers every notion or idea <A> together with its opposite or negation <Anti-A> and the spectrum of "neutralities" <Neut-A>.
Mathematics