Know your molecule: pharmacological characterization of drug candidates to enhance efficacy and reduce late-stage attrition. – ScienceOpen
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      Know your molecule: pharmacological characterization of drug candidates to enhance efficacy and reduce late-stage attrition.

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      Nature reviews. Drug discovery
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          Despite advances in chemical, computational and biological sciences, the rate of attrition of drug candidates in clinical development is still high. A key point in the small-molecule discovery process that could provide opportunities to help address this challenge is the pharmacological characterization of hit and lead compounds, culminating in the selection of a drug candidate. Deeper characterization is increasingly important, because the 'quality' of drug efficacy, at least for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is now understood to be much more than activation of commonly evaluated pathways such as cAMP signalling, with many more 'efficacies' of ligands that could be harnessed therapeutically. Such characterization is being enabled by novel assays to characterize the complex behaviour of GPCRs, such as biased signalling and allosteric modulation, as well as advances in structural biology, such as cryo-electron microscopy. This article discusses key factors in the assessments of the pharmacology of hit and lead compounds in the context of GPCRs as a target class, highlighting opportunities to identify drug candidates with the potential to address limitations of current therapies and to improve the probability of them succeeding in clinical development.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nat Rev Drug Discov
          Nature reviews. Drug discovery
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1474-1784
          1474-1776
          Aug 2024
          : 23
          : 8
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. kenakin@e-mail.unc.edu.
          Article
          10.1038/s41573-024-00958-9
          10.1038/s41573-024-00958-9
          38890494
          fffc006a-9a11-442c-a2d6-dd49cf5417f8
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