Eletromiografia e diadococinesia: estudo com crian&ccedil;as fluentes e com gagueira <span class="so-article-trans-title"> Translated title: Electromyography and diadochokinesia: a study with fluent and stuttering children </span>

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Abstract

TEMA: eletromiografia e diadococinesia. OBJETIVO: analisar a velocidade dos movimentos orais de crianças com gagueira desenvolvimental persistente e crianças fluentes durante a repetição de segmentos articulatórios (diadococinesia - DDK). MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 50 crianças sem distinção de raça e sexo, matriculados na rede pública de ensino de pré-escola e ciclo básico, residentes no município de São Paulo e Grande São Paulo, cujas famílias concordaram, através de assinatura do termo de consentimento, na realização dos procedimentos propostos para realização da pesquisa. O grupo de pesquisa (GI) foi composto por 19 crianças com diagnóstico de gagueira. O grupo controle (GII) foi composto por 31 crianças fluentes. RESULTADOS: os resultados do estudo indicam que houve uma grande similaridade no desempenho das tarefas de DDK para ambos os grupos, com graus de desvio padrão elevados também para ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: houve diferença estatisticamente significante para a capacidade de movimentação seqüencial, ou seja, no tratamento por ANOVA, o grupo de crianças fluentes apresenta maior habilidade para mover rapidamente a posição dos articuladores em segmentos seqüenciais(pa/ta/ka).

Translated abstract

BACKGROUND: electromyography and diadochokinesia. AIM: to analyze the oral movement rate in children with persistent developmental stuttering and in normally fluent children during the repetition of articulatory segments (diadochokinesia - DDK). METHOD: participants of the study were 50 children, with no distinction of gender and race, enrolled in public schools (primary and junior) of São Paulo city and Great São Paulo, whose families agreed, through informed consent, with the research procedures. The research group (GI) consisted of 19 children diagnosed as stutterers. The control group (GII) consisted of 31 fluent children. RESULTS: the results of the study indicate that there were great similarities in performance in the DDK tasks for both groups. Standard deviation values were high for both groups. CONCLUSION: statistically significant differences were observed for the ability of sequential movement, i.e. when looking at ANOVA results the group of fluent children presented a better ability to move their articulators rapidly when producing sequential segments (pa/ta/ka).

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Stuttering and the basal ganglia circuits: a critical review of possible relations.

Per Alm (2004)

The possible relation between stuttering and the basal ganglia is discussed. Important clues to the pathophysiology of stuttering are given by conditions known to alleviate dysfluency, like the rhythm effect, chorus speech, and singing. Information regarding pharmacologic trials, lesion studies, brain imaging, genetics, and developmental changes of the nervous system is reviewed. The symptoms of stuttering are compared with basal ganglia motor disorders like Parkinson's disease and dystonia. It is proposed that the basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor circuits through the putamen are likely to play a key role in stuttering. The core dysfunction in stuttering is suggested to be impaired ability of the basal ganglia to produce timing cues for the initiation of the next motor segment in speech. Similarities between stuttering and dystonia are indicated, and possible relations to the dopamine system are discussed, as well as the interaction between the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia. Behavioral and pharmacologic information suggests the existence of subtypes of stuttering. As a result of this activity, the reader will (1) become familiar with the research regarding the basal ganglia system relating to speech motor control; (2) become familiar with the research on stuttering with indications of basal ganglia involvement; and (3) be able to discuss basal ganglia mechanisms with relevance for theory of stuttering.

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Neural modeling and imaging of the cortical interactions underlying syllable production.

Jason Tourville, Satrajit S Ghosh, Frank Guenther (2006)

This paper describes a neural model of speech acquisition and production that accounts for a wide range of acoustic, kinematic, and neuroimaging data concerning the control of speech movements. The model is a neural network whose components correspond to regions of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, including premotor, motor, auditory, and somatosensory cortical areas. Computer simulations of the model verify its ability to account for compensation to lip and jaw perturbations during speech. Specific anatomical locations of the model's components are estimated, and these estimates are used to simulate fMRI experiments of simple syllable production.