Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis

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Abstract

The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is imperiling the worth of antibiotics, which have previously transformed medical sciences. The crisis of antimicrobial resistance has been ascribed to the misuse of these agents and due to unavailability of newer drugs attributable to exigent regulatory requirements and reduced financial inducements. Comprehensive efforts are needed to minimize the pace of resistance by studying emergent microorganisms, resistance mechanisms, and antimicrobial agents. Multidisciplinary approaches are required across health care settings as well as environment and agriculture sectors. Progressive alternate approaches including probiotics, antibodies, and vaccines have shown promising results in trials that suggest the role of these alternatives as preventive or adjunct therapies in future.

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Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions.

Ramanan Laxminarayan, Adriano Duse, Chand Wattal … (2013)

The causes of antibiotic resistance are complex and include human behaviour at many levels of society; the consequences affect everybody in the world. Similarities with climate change are evident. Many efforts have been made to describe the many different facets of antibiotic resistance and the interventions needed to meet the challenge. However, coordinated action is largely absent, especially at the political level, both nationally and internationally. Antibiotics paved the way for unprecedented medical and societal developments, and are today indispensible in all health systems. Achievements in modern medicine, such as major surgery, organ transplantation, treatment of preterm babies, and cancer chemotherapy, which we today take for granted, would not be possible without access to effective treatment for bacterial infections. Within just a few years, we might be faced with dire setbacks, medically, socially, and economically, unless real and unprecedented global coordinated actions are immediately taken. Here, we describe the global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and identify key areas in which action is urgently needed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Drugs for bad bugs: confronting the challenges of antibacterial discovery.

David J. Payne, Michael Gwynn, David Holmes … (2007)

The sequencing of the first complete bacterial genome in 1995 heralded a new era of hope for antibacterial drug discoverers, who now had the tools to search entire genomes for new antibacterial targets. Several companies, including GlaxoSmithKline, moved back into the antibacterials area and embraced a genomics-derived, target-based approach to screen for new classes of drugs with novel modes of action. Here, we share our experience of evaluating more than 300 genes and 70 high-throughput screening campaigns over a period of 7 years, and look at what we learned and how that has influenced GlaxoSmithKline's antibacterials strategy going forward.

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Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance in the 21st Century

Richard Fair, Yitzhak Tor (2014)

Dangerous, antibiotic resistant bacteria have been observed with increasing frequency over the past several decades. In this review the factors that have been linked to this phenomenon are addressed. Profiles of bacterial species that are deemed to be particularly concerning at the present time are illustrated. Factors including economic impact, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, morbidity and mortality rates, and means of infection are taken into account. Synchronously with the waxing of bacterial resistance there has been waning antibiotic development. The approaches that scientists are employing in the pursuit of new antibacterial agents are briefly described. The standings of established antibiotic classes as well as potentially emerging classes are assessed with an emphasis on molecules that have been clinically approved or are in advanced stages of development. Historical perspectives, mechanisms of action and resistance, spectrum of activity, and preeminent members of each class are discussed.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Infect Drug Resist

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Infect Drug Resist

Journal ID (publisher-id): Infection and Drug Resistance

Title: Infection and Drug Resistance

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-6973

Publication date Collection: 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 10 October 2018

Volume: 11

Pages: 1645-1658

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

[2 ]NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China

[3 ]Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

[4 ]College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

[5 ]Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

[6 ]College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, znbalooch@ 123456yahoo.com

Author notes

Correspondence: Zulqarnain Baloch, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China, Tel +86 183 4456 4625, Email znbalooch@ 123456yahoo.com

Article

Publisher ID: idr-11-1645

DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S173867

PMC ID: 6188119

PubMed ID: 30349322

SO-VID: ff538c73-a622-4f80-92c1-2c4c73add121

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The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis

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Most cited references 99

Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions.

Drugs for bad bugs: confronting the challenges of antibacterial discovery.

Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance in the 21st Century

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