Inviting an author to review:
Find an author and click ‘Invite to review selected article’ near their name.
Search for authorsSearch for similar articles
19
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Desempenho de bezerros holandeses alimentados até o desaleitamento com silagem de grãos úmidos ou grãos secos de milho ou sorgo Translated title: Performance of Holstein calves fed until weaning time with high moisture grains silage or dry ground grains of corn or sorghum

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Avaliou-se o desempenho de bezerros alimentados até o desaleitamento com silagem de grãos úmidos ou grãos secos de milho ou sorgo para posterior produção de vitelos de carne rosa. Trinta bezerros holandeses foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco blocos e seis tratamentos, e alimentados com seis rações concentradas com teores similares de proteína (22,5% PB) e de energia (3,2 Mcal EM/kg MS), formuladas com: milho seco moído (MM); silagem de grãos úmidos de milho (SGUM); sorgo seco com tanino moído (SCTM); silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo com tanino (SGUSCT); sorgo seco sem tanino moído (SSTM); e silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo sem tanino (SGUSST). Os animais receberam sucedâneo de leite até atingirem o peso pré-estabelecido para desaleitamento (60 ± 5 kg). Não houve efeito das rações concentradas sobre a altura de cernelha, a idade ao desaleitamento, os consumos diários de MS diários e totais das rações concentradas, os ganhos de peso diários e totais e a conversão alimentar. Os custos por kg de ganho de peso das rações concentradas contendo sorgo foram mais baixos que o das rações concentradas formuladas com milho. Todos os alimentos avaliados podem ser usados em rações concentradas para bezerros em fase de aleitamento, pois não comprometem o desempenho e conferem resultados similares.

          Translated abstract

          The performance of calves fed until weaning time with high moisture grains silage or dry ground grains of corn or sorghum was evaluated, for posterior production of pink meat veal. Thirty Holstein calves were allotted to a complete randomized blocks experimental design with five blocks and six treatments, fed with six concentrate rations with similar contents of protein (22.5% CP) and energy (3.2 Mcal ME/kg DM) formulated with: dry ground corn (GC), high moisture corn silage (HMCS), dry ground sorghum with tannin (GSWT), high moisture sorghum with tannin silage (HMSWTS), dry ground sorghum without tannin (GSWTT) or high moisture sorghum without tannin silage (HMSWTTS). The animals received milk replacer until reaching the fixed weight for weaning (60 ± 5 kg). No treatment effects were observed on shoulder height, age at weaning time, daily and total DM intakes of the concentrate rations, daily and total weight gains and feed:gain ratio. Costs per kg of weight gain of the concentrate rations containing sorghum were lower as compared with concentrate rations formulated with corn. All evaluated feeds could be used in concentrate rations for calves in nursing phase, because they do not impair performance and confer similar results.

          Related collections

          Most cited references36

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Starch utilization by ruminants: from basics to the bunk.

          Starch is the major energy component of grains. Wheat contains 77% of DM as starch, corn and sorghum contain 72%, and barley and oats contain 57 to 58%. In vitro systems have provided valuable data on kinetic aspects of starch digestion. Molecular biological techniques have provided a clearer picture of the ruminal microbial milieu. Proportions of starch fermented in the rumen can be predicted satisfactorily for a variety of grains and processing methods. Compared with dry rolling, steam processing (flaking or rolling) increases ruminal digestibility of starch (percentage of intake) from 52 to 78% for sorghum, from 75 to 85% for corn, and six percentage units or less for other grains. Recent research provides new insight into pancreatic function and intestinal glucose transport systems. The capacity to digest starch in the intestine ranges from 45 to 85% of starch entering the duodenum, with that capacity apparently limited by the supply of pancreatic amylase. There is evidence that amylase secretion may be enhanced by increasing duodenal entry of protein. Capacity for active transport of glucose across of gut wall does not seem to limit the amount of starch digested that is absorbed as glucose. For ruminants eating medium- to high-concentrate diets, about 30% of their total glucose need comes from glucose absorption, 50% from organic acid absorption (substrates for hepatic gluconeogenesis), and 20% from other sources. When glucose absorption from the gut increases, ruminants generally adjust (decrease) gluconeogenesis to meet their need; that need is directly linked to DE intake. In terms of overall ME yield, grain starch is best used when it is fermented in the rumen. However, close coordination of protein and starch supply to the duodenum may improve capture of starch in the form of glucose.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Grain processing effects on starch utilization by ruminants.

            Starch utilization may be markedly enhanced by proper grain processing; however, extent of improvement is primarily dependent upon the ruminant species, grain source and method of processing. Grain processing has less impact on starch digestion by sheep than cattle. The magnitude of improvement is inverse to the starch digestion values for nonprocessed (or minimally processed) grains. Utilization of sorghum grain starch is improved most by extensive processing, and then corn, with little improvement in barley starch digestion. Studies comparing processing effects on barley or wheat starch utilization by cattle were not found. Steam-flaking consistently improves digestibility of starch by cattle fed corn- or sorghum grain-based diets over whole, ground or dry-rolled processes. Other extensive processing methods appear to enhance starch digestibility of corn and sorghum grain to a similar extent as steam-flaking, but comparative data are too limited to quantitate adequately effects of these methods. This improvement in starch utilization appears to be the primary reason for enhanced feed conversion of cattle fed diets high in these processed grains. The major site of cereal grain starch digestion is usually the rumen. Processing increases microbial degradation of starch in the rumen and decreases amounts of starch digested post-ruminally. Rates of in vitro amylolytic attack of starch in cereal grains by both ruminal microbial and pancreatic enzyme sources are improved by processing methods employing proper combinations of moisture, heat and pressure. In vitro and in situ studies suggest that much of the increase in ruminal starch fermentation with steam-flaking is due to changes in starch granular structure, which produces additive effects beyond those of decreasing particle size. Thus, efficiency of ruminal starch fermentation by cattle appears to be improved by proper processing of corn and sorghum grain. Processing and grain source studies both suggest that maximal total tract starch digestibility is positively related to the extent of digestion in the rumen.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Limits to starch digestion in the ruminant small intestine.

              Site and extent of starch digestion by ruminant animals varies with species, grain type and processing method. Based on a review of 40 different experiments with cattle, between 18 and 42% of the dietary starch from corn and sorghum grains fed to cattle reaches the small intestine for digestion. With more extensive grain processing, a smaller quantity of starch reaches the small intestine. In the small intestine, from 47 to 88% of the presented starch is digested, while in the large intestine, 33 to 62% of the presented starch is digested. Though limits to digestion in and absorption from the small intestine can be demonstrated by infusing starch and glucose into the duodenum, enzymatic capacity does not appear to limit intestinal starch digestion since no plateau in the amount of starch disappearing from the small intestine is detected with typical diets. Yet, extent of digestion is incomplete. Other factors, such as time and surface exposure may limit small intestinal digestion of starch. Processing methods to reduce particle size or alter the protein matrix, which cements starch granules together, will increase the extent of digestion both in the rumen and in the small intestine. Performance data from growing cattle fed processed corn and sorghum grains indicate that starch was used 42% more efficiently if it was digested in the small intestine rather than in the rumen. Though total tract starch digestibility is of primary concern, results support the concept that energetic efficiency of growing ruminants is greater if starch is digested in the small intestine rather than in the rumen.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                1516-3598
                1806-9290
                January 2008
                : 37
                : 1
                : 140-147
                Affiliations
                [01] Marília SP orgnameUniversidade de Marília orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias orgdiv2Departamento de Zootecnia
                [02] Botucatu SP orgnameUNESP orgdiv1FMVZ orgdiv2Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal
                [03] orgnameUniversidade de Marília orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia
                [04] orgnameUniversidade de Marília
                Article
                S1516-35982008000100021 S1516-3598(08)03700121
                ff475415-89d2-464a-956a-dacae7dd1482

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 July 2007
                : 18 January 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Ruminantes

                production costs,veal calves,tannin,milk replacer,vitelos,tanino,sucedâneo,custos de produção

                Comments

                Comment on this article